scholarly journals Rapid evolution of tolerance to toxic Microcystis in two cladoceran grazers

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Jiang ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Huishuang Liang ◽  
Xiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Evolution Of Tolerance

Rapid evolution of tolerance to road salt in zooplankton

2017 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla D. Coldsnow ◽  
Brian M. Mattes ◽  
William D. Hintz ◽  
Rick A. Relyea
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Road Salt ◽  
Evolution Of Tolerance

scholarly journals Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance during periodic disinfection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Nordholt ◽  
Orestis Kanaris ◽  
Selina B. I. Schmidt ◽  
Frank Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Lipid A Biosynthesis ◽  
Evolution Of Tolerance

AbstractBiocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations that can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance, which is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the lpxM locus, encoding an enzyme for lipid A biosynthesis. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turns into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.

The Glissonian Approach of the Hilum

Swiss Surgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Launois ◽  
Maddern ◽  
Tay
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Porta Hepatis ◽  
Liver Segment ◽  
Glissonian Approach

The detailed knowledge of the segmental anatomy of the liver has led to a rapid evolution in resectional surgery based on the intrahepatic distribution of the portal trinity (the hepatic artery, hepatic duct and portal vein). The classical intrafascial or extrahepatic approach is to isolate the appropriate branch of the portal vein, hepatic artery and the hepatic duct, outside the liver substance. Another method, the extrafascial approach, is to dissect the whole sheath of the pedicle directly after division of a substantial amount of the hepatic tissue to reach the pedicle, which is surrounded by a sheath, derived from Glisson's capsule. This Glissonian sheath encloses the portal trinity. In the transfissural or intrahepatic approach, these sheaths can be approached either anteriorly (after division of the main, right or umbilical fissure) or posteriorly from behind the porta hepatis. We describe the technique for approaching the Glissonian sheath and hence the hepatic pedicle structures and their branches by the intrahepatic posterior approach that allows early delineation of the liver segment without the need for ancillary techniques. In addition, the indications for the use of this technique in the technical and oncologic settings are also discussed.

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy with rapid evolution toward dementia in alcoholic dependence – case report

Psihiatru ro ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Cătălina Crişan ◽  
Laura Grosu ◽  
Oana Vanţa
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Patients Experience

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric condition caused by thiamine deficiency. Only a small percentage of patients experience all three symptoms, with ophtalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion, and the full triad occurs more frequently among those who have overused alcohol. The evolution is toward full recovery, Korsakoff syndrome, dementia or death. We present the case of a 56-year-old patient, known with a diagnostic of alcoholism, who was admitted for a complicated withdrawal syndrome with delirium and who developed encephalopathy and dementia syndrome.

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