scholarly journals Discovery of a novel glucose metabolism in cancer: The role of endoplasmic reticulum beyond glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Marini ◽  
Silvia Ravera ◽  
Ambra Buschiazzo ◽  
Giovanna Bianchi ◽  
Anna Maria Orengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Shunt

scholarly journals The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Differential Endurance against Redox Stress in Cortical and Spinal Astrocytes from the Newborn SOD1G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Cecilia Marini ◽  
Vanessa Cossu ◽  
Mandeep Kumar ◽  
Marco Milanese ◽  
Katia Cortese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Redox Stress ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Selective Enhancement ◽  
Respiratory Uncoupling ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Recent studies reported that the uptake of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is increased in the spinal cord (SC) and decreased in the motor cortex (MC) of patients with ALS, suggesting that the disease might differently affect the two nervous districts with different time sequence or with different mechanisms. Here we show that MC and SC astrocytes harvested from newborn B6SJL-Tg (SOD1G93A) 1Gur mice could play different roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Spectrophotometric and cytofluorimetric analyses showed an increase in redox stress, a decrease in antioxidant capacity and a relative mitochondria respiratory uncoupling in MC SOD1G93A astrocytes. By contrast, SC mutated cells showed a higher endurance against oxidative damage, through the increase in antioxidant defense, and a preserved respiratory function. FDG uptake reproduced the metabolic response observed in ALS patients: SOD1G93A mutation caused a selective enhancement in tracer retention only in mutated SC astrocytes, matching the activity of the reticular pentose phosphate pathway and, thus, of hexose-6P dehydrogenase. Finally, both MC and SC mutated astrocytes were characterized by an impressive ultrastructural enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and impairment in ER–mitochondria networking, more evident in mutated MC than in SC cells. Thus, SOD1G93A mutation differently impaired MC and SC astrocyte biology in a very early stage of life.

scholarly journals Wnt5a Increases the Glycolytic Rate and the Activity of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Cortical Neurons

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cisternas ◽  
Paulina Salazar ◽  
Carmen Silva-Álvarez ◽  
L. Felipe Barros ◽  
Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Glycolytic Rate

In the last few years, several reports have proposed that Wnt signaling is a general metabolic regulator, suggesting a role for this pathway in the control of metabolic flux. Wnt signaling is critical for several neuronal functions, but little is known about the correlation between this pathway and energy metabolism. The brain has a high demand for glucose, which is mainly used for energy production. Neurons use energy for highly specific processes that require a high energy level, such as maintaining the electrical potential and synthesizing neurotransmitters. Moreover, an important metabolic impairment has been described in all neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the key role of glucose metabolism in the brain, little is known about the cellular pathways involved in regulating this process. We report here that Wnt5a induces an increase in glucose uptake and glycolytic rate and an increase in the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway; the effects of Wnt5a require the intracellular generation of nitric oxide. Our data suggest that Wnt signaling stimulates neuronal glucose metabolism, an effect that could be important for the reported neuroprotective role of Wnt signaling in neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Enzymes of the intermediary carbohydrate metabolism of Polyangium cellulosum

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1142-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Sarao ◽  
Howard D. McCurdy ◽  
Luciano Passador
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Shunt

Crude extracts of vegetative cells of the cellulolytic myxobacter Polyangium cellulosum contained significant levels of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. Key enzymes of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate shunt were also detected. Specific activities of hexokinase and fructose- 1,6-diphosphate aldolase exhibited a 10-fold increase when the cells were grown in complex medium containing glucose. Cytochromes of a, b, and c type were demonstrated. By the use of a dispersly growing strain of P. cellulosum, its generation time was determined to be 22–24 h. This study suggests that the organism probably uses glycolysis and citric acid cycle for complete oxidation of glucose. The exact role of the glyoxylate cycle and pentose phosphate shunt cannot be deduced from this study. This is the first report on the study of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in any member of the family Polyangiaceae.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION OF THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE SHUNT TO THE FORMATION OF CO2 IN SWIMBLADDER TISSUE OF THE EEL

1994 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
B Pelster ◽  
J Hicks ◽  
W Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Shunt

The contribution of the pentose phosphate shunt to glucose metabolism in the swimbladder tissue of the American eel Anguilla rostrata has been evaluated by comparing the rate of 14CO2 and [14C]lactate production from [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose. In blood-perfused swimbladder preparations, 0.18±0.07 nmol min-1 of [6-14C]glucose and 3.19±0.57 nmol min-1 of [1-14C]glucose were converted to CO2. The rate of [14C]glucose conversion to [14C]lactate was about the same in preparations perfused with [6-14C]glucose and with [1-14C]glucose. This may indicate that the C5 skeleton formed in the pentose phosphate shunt is not returned to glycolysis and converted to lactate. Although gas deposition was usually not measurable in these blood-perfused swimbladder preparations, 14CO2 was detected in the eel swimbladder gas of preparations perfused with [1-14C]glucose, but not in preparations perfused with [6-14C]glucose. The results confirm the hypothesis that, in the eel swimbladder epithelium, some of the glucose taken up from the blood is metabolized in the pentose phosphate shunt. This results in the formation of CO2, which is released into the swimbladder as well as into the bloodstream.

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