scholarly journals Insulin resistance is associated with altered amino acid metabolism and adipose tissue dysfunction in normoglycemic women

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Wiklund ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Satu Pekkala ◽  
Reija Autio ◽  
Lingjia Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

scholarly journals Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism–related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Zhuang ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Ojanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

AbstractAerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.

Amino acid metabolism in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat: effects of insulin resistance and of type 2 diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoka P Wijekoon ◽  
Craig Skinner ◽  
Margaret E Brosnan ◽  
John T Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Branched Chain

We investigated amino acid metabolism in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF Gmi fa/fa) rat during the prediabetic insulin-resistant stage and the frank type 2 diabetic stage. Amino acids were measured in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle, and the ratios of plasma/liver and plasma/skeletal muscle were calculated. At the insulin-resistant stage, the plasma concentrations of the gluconeogenic amino acids aspartate, serine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine were decreased in the ZDF Gmi fa/fa rats, whereas taurine, α-aminoadipic acid, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and the 3 branched-chain amino acids were significantly increased. At the diabetic stage, a larger number of gluconeogenic amino acids had decreased plasma concentrations. The 3 branched-chain amino acids had elevated plasma concentrations. In the liver and the skeletal muscles, concentrations of many of the gluconeogenic amino acids were lower at both stages, whereas the levels of 1 or all of the branched-chain amino acids were elevated. These changes in amino acid concentrations are similar to changes seen in type 1 diabetes. It is evident that insulin resistance alone is capable of bringing about many of the changes in amino acid metabolism observed in type 2 diabetes.Key words: plasma amino acids, liver amino acids, muscle amino acids, gluconeogenesis.

Regional muscle and adipose tissue amino acid metabolism in lean and obese women

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. E931-E936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Patterson ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Guoyao Wu ◽  
Malcolm Watford ◽  
Simon W. Coppack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Isotope Tracer

The effect of obesity on regional skeletal muscle and adipose tissue amino acid metabolism is not known. We evaluated systemic and regional (forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue) amino acid metabolism, by use of a combination of stable isotope tracer and arteriovenous balance methods, in five lean women [body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2] and five women with abdominal obesity (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2; waist circumference >100 cm) who were matched on fat-free mass (FFM). All subjects were studied at 22 h of fasting to ensure that the subjects were in net protein breakdown during this early phase of starvation. Leucine rate of appearance in plasma (an index of whole body proteolysis), expressed per unit of FFM, was not significantly different between lean and obese groups (2.05 ± 0.18 and 2.34 ± 0.04 μmol · kg FFM−1 · min−1, respectively). However, the rate of leucine release from forearm and adipose tissues in obese women (24.0 ± 4.8 and 16.6 ± 6.5 nmol · 100 g−1 · min−1, respectively) was lower than in lean women (66.8 ± 10.6 and 38.6 ± 7.0 nmol · 100 g−1 · min−1, respectively; P < 0.05). Approximately 5–10% of total whole body leucine release into plasma was derived from adipose tissue in lean and obese women. The results of this study demonstrate that the rate of release of amino acids per unit of forearm and adipose tissue at 22 h of fasting is lower in women with abdominal obesity than in lean women, which may help obese women decrease body protein losses during fasting. In addition, adipose tissue is a quantitatively important site for proteolysis in both lean and obese subjects.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism-related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Zhuang ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Ojanen ◽  
Timo Törmakangas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Effects Of Aging

ABSTRACTAerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models of low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and assessed the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT). We compared LCRs and HCRs at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on ultra-pressure Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. Interaction of aerobic capacity and aging was studied via regression analysis. Our results showed at young age, metabolites linked to amino acid metabolism differed in serum and muscle with aerobic capacity, whereas no difference were observed in WAT. In aged animals, most prominent changes in metabolites occurred in WAT. Aerobic capacity and aging interactively affected seven metabolites linked to energy metabolism. Our results support previous findings that high aerobic capacity is associated with more efficient amino acid metabolism in muscle. While impaired branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and fatty acid metabolism in the muscle may associate to the high risk of metabolic disorders and shorter lifespan previously observed in LCRs. The interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism-related metabolites were largely driven by HCRs, reflecting the importance of inherited aerobic capacity in the aging process. Our results highlight that dysfunctional mitochondrial β-oxidation in WAT may be one key mechanism related to aging.

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