scholarly journals Effects of long-term salicylate administration on synaptic ultrastructure and metabolic activity in the rat CNS

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yi ◽  
Shousen Hu ◽  
Chuantao Zuo ◽  
Fangyang Jiao ◽  
Jingrong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Synaptic Ultrastructure ◽  
Rat Cns

Short-Term Immunosuppression Enhances Long-Term Survival of Bovine Chromaffin Cell Xenografts in Rat Cns

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Ortega ◽  
Jacqueline Sagen ◽  
George D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Chromaffin Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Bovine Chromaffin Cell ◽  
Bovine Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Rat Cns

Xenogeneic donors, a largely untapped resource, would solve many of the problems associated with the limited availability of human donor tissue for neural transplantation. Previous work in our laboratory has revealed that xenografts of isolated bovine chromaffin cells survive transplantation into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of immunosuppressed adult rats. Electron microscopic analysis reveals that graft sites contain healthy chromaffin cells, but do not contain host immune cells typical of graft rejection. The aim of the current study was to assess the necessary conditions for long-term survival of bovine chromaffin cell xenografts in the central nervous system (CNS). In particular, the need for short-course vs. permanent immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine A (CsA) for the long-term survival of grafted bovine chromaffin cells was addressed. Grafts from animals receiving continuous CsA treatment for either 3, 6, or 12 wk contained large clumps of dopamines-β-hydroxylase (DBH) positive cells in contrast to the few surviving cells observed in nonimmunosuppressed animals. In addition, grafts from animals that had CsA treatment terminated at 3 or 6 wk contained similarly large clumps of DBH-positive cells. Furthermore, short-term immunosuppression (3 wk) appeared to enhance the long-term survival of grafted cells, since clumps of DBH staining cells could still be positively identified in the host PAG at least 1 yr after transplantation. Complete rejection of graft tissue depends on several factors, such as blood–brain barrier integrity, the presence of major histocompatability complex (MHC) antigens in either the host or graft, and the status of the host immune system. By using a suspension of isolated bovine chromaffin cells, potential MHC antigen presenting cells, such as endothelial cells, are eliminated. In addition, CsA treatment may negate the immunologic consequences of increased blood–brain barrier permeability following surgical trauma by attenuating the host cell mediated response. In summary, long-term survival of isolated chromaffin cell xenografts in the rat CNS may be attained by a short-term course of CsA.

Long-term potentiation is associated with changes in synaptic ultrastructure in the rat neocortex

Synapse ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Connor ◽  
P.T.J. Williams ◽  
B. Armstrong ◽  
T.L. Petit ◽  
T.L. Ivanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Synaptic Ultrastructure ◽  
Rat Neocortex

3304 Metabolic activity in metastatic melanoma after long-term treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. S665
Author(s):  
B. Kong ◽  
C. Saunders ◽  
E. Liniker ◽  
S. Ramanujam ◽  
A. Guminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Mechanistic insights into stress response and metabolic activity resilience of Nitrosomonas europaea cultures to long-term CeO2 nanoparticle exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2215-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junkang Wu ◽  
Manjun Zhan ◽  
Yan Chang ◽  
Huan Gao ◽  
Jinyu Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Nitrosomonas Europaea ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Nanoparticle Exposure

A nano-CeO2 impaired ammonia oxidizer displayed stress tolerance and recovery capacities at the physiological, metabolic and transcriptional levels.

Effect of commercial long-term extenders on metabolic activity and membrane integrity of boar spermatozoa stored at 17°C

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dziekońska ◽  
L. Fraser ◽  
A. Majewska ◽  
M. Lecewicz ◽  
Ł. Zasiadczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Semen Storage ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

Abstract This study was aimed to analyze the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of boar spermatozoa following storage in long-term semen extenders. Boar semen was diluted with AndrohepR EnduraGuardTM (AeG), DILU-Cell (DC), SafeCell PlusTM (SCP) and Vitasem LD (VLD) extenders and stored for 10 days at 17oC. Parameters of the analyzed sperm metabolic activity included total motility (TMOT), progressive motility (PMOT), high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content, whereas those of the membrane integrity included plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and normal apical ridge (NAR) acrosome. Extender type was a significant (P < 0.05) source of variation in all the analyzed sperm parameters, except for ATP content. Furthermore, the storage time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the sperm metabolic activity and membrane integrity during semen storage. In all extenders the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of the stored spermatozoa decreased continuously over time. Among the four analyzed extenders, AeG and SCP showed the best performance in terms of TMOT and PMI on Days 5, 7 and 10 of storage. Marked differences in the proportions of spermatozoa with high MMP were observed between the extenders, particularly on Day 10 of storage. There were not any marked differences in sperm ATP content between the extenders, regardless of the storage time. Furthermore, the percentage of spermatozoa with NAR acrosomes decreased during prolonged storage, being markedly lower in DC-diluted semen compared with semen diluted with either AeG or SCP extender. The results of this study indicated that components of the long-term extenders have different effects on the sperm functionality and prolonged semen longevity by delaying the processes associated with sperm ageing during liquid storage.

Influence of Different Substrates in Detoxification Activity of Adult Rat Hepatocytes in Long-Term Culture: Implications for Transplantation

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharda Naik ◽  
Henry Santangini ◽  
Kathryn Gann ◽  
Hugo Jauregui
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor

Substrates used to immobilize hepatocytes for transplantation govern attachment and long-term metabolic activity of these cells. The choice of these substrates is based on the familiarity with proteinaceous materials that are constituents of the extracellular matrix. The use of substrates that recognize carbohydrates on the cell surface may provide an alternative method to attach adult mammalian hepatocytes. In this study, immobilized lectins on tissue culture plasticware were used to support hepatocyte attachment. Long-term cultures with these substrates were compared with control cultures seeded on a mixture of collagen types I and III (Vitrogen). To evaluate the attachment efficiency and long-term maintenance of diazepam metabolic activity of hepatocytes seeded on different commercially available plasticware, four different types of polymers (supplied as 60-mm dishes) were tested. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine metabolized by the P450 intracytoplasmic pathway, is associated with a synaptic receptor (GABA-benzodiazepine receptor) which plays an important role in hepatic coma. Polymethylpentene, a derivative of polypropylene treated by plasma discharge, was the best polymer to maintain P450 phenotypic expression, although other polymers provided similar cell attachment efficiencies. The amounts of adsorbed concanavalin A, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Lens culinaris, and Pisum sativum agglutinin correlate with the percentage values of hepatocyte attachment. Cell attachment to wheat germ agglutinin increased with increased lectin concentrations in spite of constant amounts of adsorbed lectin, whereas hepatocyte attachment to Bandieraea simplicifolia agglutinin was lower and did not change at different lectin concentrations. Long-term cultures of hepatocytes seeded on Vitrogen, concanavalin A, or wheat germ agglutinin showed similar diazepam metabolic activities up to the 10th day, but by day 25, cells seeded on Vitrogen metabolized diazepam at higher values. This study showed that a polymer used for the manufacture of tissue culture plasticware, which permits a better exchange of gases, contributes to the long-term expression of P450 activity. Lectins proved to be nontoxic for hepatocyte survival, maintained hepatocyte viability, and can be used as an alternative substrate to immobilize hepatocytes to be transplanted in animal models of acute or chronic liver failure.

scholarly journals Metabolic Activity Distinguish Reserve and Primed HSCs

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 2898-2898
Author(s):  
Zhenrui Li ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Ariel Paulson ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
Pengxu Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Glycolytic Activity ◽  
And Function

Abstract A population of reserve HSCs has been reported to be in a deep-quiescent (or dormant) state and function as a back-up population of HSCs to support life-time hematopoiesis (Li and Clevers, 2010; Wilson et al., 2008). Currently, characterization of reserve HSCs is mainly based on cell cycle quiescence, however, the metabolic state in reserve HSCs is yet to be defined. Here, we show that reserve HSCs maintain not only a quiescent state but also an overall low metabolic activity whereas the primed HSCs maintain still a quiescent state but primed at metabolic state. First, we used CD49b(Benveniste et al., 2010) to further separate conventional long-term (LT) HSCs (CD34-Flk2-Lineage-Sca-1+c-Kit+)(Yang et al., 2005) into CD49blo and CD49bhi subpopulations and confirmed their enrichment with previously identified dormant (Scl-H2B-GFP label retaining cells, LRCs), thus we termed CD49blo and CD49bhi subpopulations as candidates of reserve and primed HSCs. We then determined the cell cycle frequencies of reserve, primed, and ST-HSCs (Cd34+Flk2-LSK) respectively as once in 3 months, 3-4 weeks, and 3-4 days. Functionally, Reserve HSCs had on average 3.5-fold higher functional capacity compared with primed HSCs. RNA-seq analysis revealed that reserve HSC predominantly expressed a list of imprinting genes that associate with growth-restriction functions; primed HSCs expressed relatively-high number of genes involving in mitochondria fusion, organization, and function, while ST-HSCs expressed genes reflecting an active cycling state. Conducting metabolic assays, we found that reserve HSCs not only maintain quiescence but also maintain overall low metabolic activity in both glycolysis and mitochondrial capacity. In contrast, primed HSCs are in a quiescent state, but with their metabolic state primed as evidenced by an increased glycolytic activity and mitochondrial potential for subsequent active proliferating state in ST-HSCs. Intriguingly, our data suggests that the functionality of reserve HSCs correlates to metabolic state rather than cell cycle. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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