scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Sophorolipid on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Hyphal Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farazul Haque ◽  
Md. Alfatah ◽  
K. Ganesan ◽  
Mani Shankar Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals In Vivo Inhibitory Effect on the Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans by Liverwort Derived Riccardin D

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e35543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yukui Ma ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Feng Guo ◽  
Lei Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Effects of Hsp90 Inhibitor Ganetespib on Inhibition of Azole-Resistant Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yuan ◽  
Jie Tu ◽  
Chunquan Sheng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hsp90 Inhibitor ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Fungal Hypha

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen. Recently, drug resistance of C. albicans is increasingly severe. Hsp90 is a promising antifungal target to overcome this problem. To evaluate the effects of Hsp90 inhibitor ganetespib on the inhibition of azole-resistant C. albicans, the microdilution checkerboard method was used to measure the in vitro synergistic efficacy of ganetespib. The XTT/menadione reduction assay, microscopic observation, and Rh6G efflux assay were established to investigate the effects of ganetespib on azole-resistant C. albicans biofilm formation, filamentation, and efflux pump. Real-time RT-PCR analysis was employed to clarify the mechanism of antagonizing drug resistance. The in vivo antifungal efficacy of ganetespib was determined by the infectious model of azole-resistant C. albicans. Ganetespib showed an excellent synergistic antifungal activity in vitro and significantly inhibited the fungal biofilm formation, whereas it had no inhibitory effect on fungal hypha formation. Expression of azole-targeting enzyme gene ERG11 and efflux pump genes CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 was significantly down-regulated when ganetespib was used in combination with FLC. In a mouse model infected with FLC-resistant C. albicans, the combination of ganetespib and FLC effectively reversed the FLC resistance and significantly decreased the kidney fungal load of mouse.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and single gene reintegration suggests functional diversity within the Candida albicans TLO gene family

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fletcher ◽  
Gary Moran ◽  
Derek Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Functional Differences

Candida albicans has between 10-15 Telomere-associated ORF family(TLO)genes, whereas its closest relative, Candida dubliniensis, has two. The Tlo proteins are components of the Mediator complex which plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis was used to generate a TLOnull mutant of C. albicans. Phenotypic analysis of the mutant showed significantly reduced fitness, with major defects in growth rate, morphogenesis, stress resistance and virulence in a Galleria mellonellamodel. Clade representative TLOα1, TLOβ2 and TLOγ11constructs were reintroduced into the null mutant background to determine if members of the TLO gene family exhibit functional differences. The genes were reintroduced under the control of the TET1 and ENO1promoters. TLOα1and TLOβ2expression restored stress tolerance and growth rate, in some cases to the level of the WT. TLOβ2expression also showed a dramatic effect on morphology resulting in constitutive true hyphal growth. Moderate expression of TLOγ11 had no detectable effect on many of the phenotypes tested, however overexpression increased biofilm formation in Spider medium, and also conferred increased resistance to cell wall stressors. These data suggest that individual TLO genes have distinct functions and that the diversity within the TLO family may contribute to the relative success of C. albicans as a coloniser and pathogen of humans.

Zerumbone inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Seul Shin ◽  
Yong-Bin Eom
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Zingiber Zerumbet ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Important Virulence Factor ◽  
Morphologic Changes

Candida albicans biofilm formation is considered an important matter because it can lead to strong resistance to conventional antifungal agents. Hyphae formed by C. albicans can also act as an important virulence factor related to its biofilm. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of zerumbone, a monocyclic sesquiterpene extracted from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, against C. albicans biofilm formation. Our results suggest that zerumbone possesses antifungal and antibiofilm activity that inhibits biofilm formation and eradicates preformed biofilm. Notably, zerumbone considerably reduced carbohydrate and DNA contents of biofilm matrix. In addition, zerumbone showed antivirulence effects by decreasing the growth of hyphae and inhibiting morphologic changes of C. albicans. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly downregulated expression levels of biofilm-related and hyphae-specific genes, including HWP1 and ALS3. Since zerumbone suppresses biofilm formation and hyphae growth, these results indicate that zerumbone could be used as a potential candidate to treat and prevent C. albicans biofilm-related infections.

Inhibitory effects of the essential oils α-longipinene and linalool on biofilm formation and hyphal growth of Candida albicans

Biofouling ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Kumar Manoharan ◽  
Jin-Hyung Lee ◽  
Yong-Guy Kim ◽  
Soon-Il Kim ◽  
Jintae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

scholarly journals Polyphenols Inhibit Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosi Farkash ◽  
Mark Feldman ◽  
Isaac Ginsburg ◽  
Doron Steinberg ◽  
Miriam Shalish
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Biofilm Development

Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are two major contributors to dental caries. They have a symbiotic relationship, allowing them to create an enhanced biofilm. Our goal was to examine whether two natural polyphenols (Padma hepaten (PH) and a polyphenol extraction from green tea (PPFGT)) could inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans and C. albicans. Methods: Co-species biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans were grown in the presence of PH and PPFGT. Biofilm formation was tested spectrophotometrically. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secretion was quantified using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Biofilm development was also tested on orthodontic surfaces (Essix) to assess biofilm inhibition ability on such an orthodontic appliance. Results: PPFGT and PH dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation without affecting the planktonic growth. We found a significant reduction in biofilm total biomass using 0.625 mg/mL PPFGT and 0.16 mg/mL PH. A concentration of 0.31 mg/mL PPFGT and 0.16 mg/mL PH inhibited the total cell growth by 54% and EPS secretion by 81%. A reduction in biofilm formation and EPS secretion was also observed on orthodontic PVC surfaces. Conclusions: The polyphenolic extractions PPFGT and PH have an inhibitory effect on S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm formation and EPS secretion.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa extract on biofilm formation of Candida albicans cultured from the saliva of a smoker

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Zaki Mubarak ◽  
Adintya Humaira ◽  
Basri A. Gani ◽  
Zainal A. Muchlisin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Fungus Culture ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Preliminary Study

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that might infect the oral cavity. Increased colony numbers of C. albicans in the mouth can be caused by multiple factors, such as smoking, weakened immune system, antibiotics use and immune-compromised condition. Smoking can increase expression of virulence factors of C. albicans and make it stronger. One virulence factor of C. albicans is biofilm formation. The ability of creating biofilm makes C. albicans more tolerant to commercial antifungal agents. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the ability of the seaweed G. verrucosa extracts to inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans isolated from the saliva of a smoker. Methods: The extract of G. verrucosa was prepared by maceration using 96% methanol and subjected for phytochemical analysis. C. albicans was isolated from the saliva of a smoker who voluntarily participated in the study after providing informed consent. In triplicate, the fungus was cultured in the growth medium containing increased concentrations of G. verrucosa (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% ).The same reaction using fluconazole 0.31 µg/ml C. albicans was prepared as positive control. Biofilm formation was accessed based on optical density of cell mixtures using an ELISA reader. The data obtained were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance limit of 0.05. Results: Methanol extract of seaweed G. verrucosa contained three bio-active compounds namely steroids, terpenoid, and tannins. Inhibitory activity of seaweed extracts on C. albicans biofilm formation increased as their concentration increased. The highest inhibitory effect was recorded at fungus culture treated with seaweed concentration of 25% at 24 hours of time exposure. Conclusions: Seaweed G. verrucosa extract contained steroids, terpenoids and tannins that were able to effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans at the concentration of 25% after 24 hours of time exposure.

Penicillenols from a deep-sea fungus Aspergillus restrictus inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Qi-Feng Yao ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Xu-Hua Nong ◽  
Xiao-Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Hyphal Growth

scholarly journals E1210, a New Broad-Spectrum Antifungal, Suppresses Candida albicans Hyphal Growth through Inhibition of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 960-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nao-aki Watanabe ◽  
Mamiko Miyazaki ◽  
Takaaki Horii ◽  
Koji Sagane ◽  
Kappei Tsukahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Protein Maturation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Levels

ABSTRACTContinued research toward the development of new antifungals that act via inhibition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis led to the design of E1210. In this study, we assessed the selectivity of the inhibitory activity of E1210 againstCandida albicansGWT1(Orf19.6884) protein,Aspergillus fumigatusGWT1(AFUA_1G14870) protein, and humanPIG-Wprotein, which can catalyze the inositol acylation of GPI early in the GPI biosynthesis pathway, and then we assessed the effects of E1210 on keyC. albicansvirulence factors. E1210 inhibited the inositol acylation activity ofC. albicansGwt1p andA. fumigatusGwt1p with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.3 to 0.6 μM but had no inhibitory activity against human Pig-Wp even at concentrations as high as 100 μM. To confirm the inhibition of fungal GPI biosynthesis, expression ofALS1protein, a GPI-anchored protein, on the surfaces ofC. albicanscells treated with E1210 was studied and shown to be significantly lower than that on untreated cells. However, theALS1protein levels in the crude extract and theRHO1protein levels on the cell surface were found to be almost the same. Furthermore, E1210 inhibited germ tube formation, adherence to polystyrene surfaces, and biofilm formation ofC. albicansat concentrations above its MIC. These results suggested that E1210 selectively inhibited inositol acylation of fungus-specific GPI which would be catalyzed by Gwt1p, leading to the inhibition of GPI-anchored protein maturation, and also that E1210 suppressed the expression of some important virulence factors ofC. albicans, through its GPI biosynthesis inhibition.

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