scholarly journals Male Presence can Increase Body Mass and Induce a Stress-Response in Female Mice Independent of Costs of Offspring Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Garratt ◽  
Anthony J. Kee ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Robert C. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Increase Body Mass ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Offspring Production

The stress response in human peripheral mononuclear cells is related to aerobic fitness and Body Mass Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey C. Bourbeau ◽  
Mattina M. Rosinski ◽  
Taylor M. Szczygiel ◽  
Ryan Pettit-Mee ◽  
Jenna E. Sessions ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Mononuclear Cells

scholarly journals Sexual selection constrains the body mass of male but not female mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Ruff ◽  
Douglas H. Cornwall ◽  
Linda C. Morrison ◽  
Joseph W. Cauceglia ◽  
Adam C. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Mice

Autumnal body mass reduction in Antechinus swainsonii (Dasyuridae) in the Snowy Mountains.

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Green
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Increase Body Mass ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Body Mass Reduction

Autumnal body mass reduction in a seasonally snow-covered environment is reported for Antechinus swainsonii (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), thus extending the phylogenetic spectrum in which this phenomenon is known. Above 1600 m altitude the average mass of individual A. swainsonii falls from 48.6 g to 42.6 g (a 12.3% loss) from April to May. The difference in mass results from a reduction in lean mass rather than a metabolisation of fat reserves. In A. swainsonii, the need to increase body mass in late summer only to lose it in autumn prior to a winter beneath the snow seems superfluous. However, the higher mass may be necessary to survive the harsher microclimate in autumn before conditions ameliorate beneath the snow cover. Survival from April to May is higher in heavier animals (that do lose mass in autumn) than lighter animals (with mass in April equal to that of animals after loss of body mass). These lighter animals disappear from the population in autumn. With snow cover in place, A. swainsonii is able to increase mass in winter.

Estrogen receptor regulation of pulmonary alveolar dimensions: alveolar sexual dimorphism in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. L866-L870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Massaro ◽  
Gloria DeCarlo Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Alveolar Surface Area ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Alveolar Surface ◽  
Respective Species

Female rats and mice have smaller and, per body mass (BM), more alveoli and alveolar surface area (Sa) than males of their respective species. This sexual dimorphism becomes apparent about the time of sexual maturity. It is prevented in rats (not tested in mice) by ovariectomy at age 3 wk. In female mice, estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β are required for formation of alveoli of appropriate size and number. We now report the average volume of an alveolus (v̄a) and the number of alveoli per body mass (Na/BM) were not statistically different between ER-α−/− and wild type (wt) males. However, the combination of a larger value for v̄a and a smaller value for Na/BM, though neither parameter achieved a statistically significant intergroup difference, resulted in a statistically significant lower Sa/BM in ER-α−/− males compared with wt males. In ER-β−/− males, v̄a was bigger and Na/BM and Sa/BM were lower compared with wt males. Wt males had larger alveoli and lower Na/BM and Sa/BM than wt females. The wt sexual dimorphism of v̄a, Na/BM, and Sa/BM was absent in ER-α−/− mice. Alveolar size did not differ between ER-β−/− females and males but Na/BM and Sa/BM were greater in ER-β−/− females than in ER-β−/− males. The results in male mice, with prior findings in female mice, 1) demonstrate estrogen receptors have a smaller effect on alveolar dimensions in male than female mice, 2) show ER-α and ER-β are required for the sexual dimorphism of alveolar size, and 3) show ER-α is needed for the sexual dimorphism of body mass-specific alveolar number and surface area.

scholarly journals Gonadal Steroids Negatively Modulate Oxidative Stress in CBA/Ca Female Mice Infected withP. bergheiANKA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Aarón Mosqueda-Romo ◽  
Ana Laura Rodríguez-Morales ◽  
Fidel Orlando Buendía-González ◽  
Margarita Aguilar-Sánchez ◽  
Jorge Morales-Montor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Mice

We decreased the level of gonadal steroids in female and male mice by gonadectomy. We infected these mice withP. bergheiANKA and observed the subsequent impact on the oxidative stress response. Intact females developed lower levels of parasitaemia and lost weight faster than intact males. Gonadectomised female mice displayed increased levels of parasitaemia, increased body mass, and increased anaemia compared with their male counterparts. In addition, gonadectomised females exhibited lower specific catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in their blood and spleen tissues compared with gonadectomised males. To further study the oxidative stress response inP. bergheiANKA-infected gonadectomised mice, nitric oxide levels were assessed in the blood and spleen, and MDA levels were assessed in the spleen. Intact, sham-operated, and gonadectomised female mice exhibited higher levels of nitric oxide in the blood and spleen compared with male mice. MDA levels were higher in all of the female groups. Finally, gonadectomy significantly increased the oxidative stress levels in females but not in males. These data suggest that differential oxidative stress is influenced by oestrogens that may contribute to sexual dimorphism in malaria.

A human exposure based mixture of persistent organic pollutants affects the stress response in female mice and their offspring

Chemosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Hudecova ◽  
Kristine E.A. Hansen ◽  
Siddhartha Mandal ◽  
Hanne F. Berntsen ◽  
Abdolrahman Khezri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Female Mice

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda D. V. MacCannell ◽  
T. Simon Futers ◽  
Anna Whitehead ◽  
Amy Moran ◽  
Klaus K. Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Female Mice

Abstract Objective The prevalence of obesity is growing globally. Adiposity increases the risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue distribution influences systemic metabolism and impacts metabolic disease risk. The link between sexual dimorphisms of adiposity and metabolism is poorly defined. We hypothesise that depot-specific adipose tissue mitochondrial function contributes to the sexual dimorphism of metabolic flexibility in obesity. Methods Male and female mice fed high fat diet (HFD) or standard diet (STD) from 8–18 weeks of age underwent whole animal calorimetry and high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry analysis on adipose tissue depots. To determine translatability we used RT-qPCR to examine key brown adipocyte-associated gene expression: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1α, Uncoupling protein 1 and cell death inducing DFFA like effector a in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of 18-week-old mice and sWAT from human volunteers. Results Male mice exhibited greater weight gain compared to female mice when challenged with HFD. Relative to increased body mass, the adipose to body weight ratio for BAT and sWAT depots was increased in HFD-fed males compared to female HFD-fed mice. Oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption did not differ between males and females fed HFD. BAT mitochondria from obese females showed increased Complex I & II respiration and maximal respiration compared to lean females whereas obese males did not exhibit adaptive mitochondrial BAT respiration. Sexual dimorphism in BAT-associated gene expression in sWAT was also associated with Body Mass Index in humans. Conclusions We show that sexual dimorphism of weight gain is reflected in mitochondrial respiration analysis. Female mice have increased metabolic flexibility to adapt to changes in energy intake by regulating energy expenditure through increased complex II and maximal mitochondrial respiration within BAT when HFD challenged and increased proton leak in sWAT mitochondria.

scholarly journals Integrated Stress Response Inhibition Provides Sex-Dependent Protection Against Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Rouse ◽  
Ian R. Matthews ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Elliott H. Sherr ◽  
Dylan K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Integrated Stress Response ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response

AbstractNoise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common health concern with significant social, psychological, and cognitive implications. Moderate levels of acoustic overstimulation associated with tinnitus and impaired speech perception cause cochlear synaptopathy, characterized physiologically by reduction in wave I of the suprathreshold auditory brainstem response (ABR) and reduced number of synapses between sensory hair cells and auditory neurons. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of NIHL as well as neurodegeneration and synaptic damage in the brain. In this study, we used the small molecule UPR modulator ISRIB (Integrated Stress Response InhiBitor) to treat noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in a mouse model. Mice pretreated with ISRIB prior to noise-exposure were protected against noise-induced synapse loss. Male, but not female, mice also exhibited ISRIB-mediated protection against noise-induced suprathreshold ABR wave-I amplitude reduction. Female mice had higher baseline wave-I amplitudes but greater sensitivity to noise-induced wave-I reduction. Our results suggest that the UPR is implicated in noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, and can be targeted for treatment.

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