scholarly journals Balanced motor primitive can explain generalization of motor learning effects between unimanual and bimanual movements

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Takiyama ◽  
Yutaka Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Motor Primitive

scholarly journals The Interactive Effect of Tonic Pain and Motor Learning on Corticospinal Excitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Dancey ◽  
Paul Yielder ◽  
Bernadette Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Acquisition Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Tonic Pain

Prior work showed differential alterations in early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and improved motor learning while in acute tonic pain. The aim of the current study was to determine the interactive effect of acute tonic pain and early motor learning on corticospinal excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Two groups of twelve participants (n = 24) were randomly assigned to a control (inert lotion) or capsaicin (capsaicin cream) group. TMS input–output (IO) curves were performed at baseline, post-application, and following motor learning acquisition. Following the application of the creams, participants in both groups completed a motor tracing task (pre-test and an acquisition test) followed by a retention test (completed without capsaicin) within 24–48 h. Following an acquisition phase, there was a significant increase in the slope of the TMS IO curves for the control group (p < 0.05), and no significant change for the capsaicin group (p = 0.57). Both groups improved in accuracy following an acquisition phase (p < 0.001). The capsaicin group outperformed the control group at pre-test (p < 0.005), following an acquisition phase (p < 0.005), and following a retention test (p < 0.005). When data was normalized to the pre-test values, the learning effects were similar for both groups post-acquisition and at retention (p < 0.005), with no interactive effect of group. The acute tonic pain in this study was shown to negate the increase in IO slope observed for the control group despite the fact that motor performance improved similarly to the control group following acquisition and retention. This study highlights the need to better understand the implications of neural changes accompanying early motor learning, particularly while in pain.

Different motor learning effects on excitability changes of motor cortex in muscle contraction state

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Sugawara ◽  
Shigeo Tanabe ◽  
Tomotaka Suzuki ◽  
Toshio Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Learning Effects

scholarly journals Influence of switching rule on motor learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Takiyama ◽  
Koutaro Ishii ◽  
Takuji Hayshi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Sensory Stimulus ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Visuomotor Rotation ◽  
Switching Rule ◽  
Arm Reaching ◽  
Partial Transfer ◽  
The Difference

AbstractHumans and animals can flexibly switch rules to generate appropriate motor commands; for example, actions can be flexibly produced toward a sensory stimulus (e.g., pro-saccade or pro-reaching) or away from a sensory stimulus (e.g., anti-saccade or anti-reaching). Distinct neural activities are related to pro- and anti-movement actions; however, the effects of switching rules on motor learning are unclear. Here, we study the effect of switching rules on motor learning using pro- and anti-arm-reaching movements and a visuomotor rotation task. Although previous results support the perfect availability of learning effects under the same required movements, we show that the learning effects trained in pro-reaching movements are partially rather than perfectly available in anti-reaching movements even under the same required movement direction between those two conditions. The partial transfer is independent of the difference in the visual cue, the cognitive demand, and the actual movement direction between the pro- and anti-reaching movements. We further demonstrate that the availability of learning effects trained with pro-reaching movements is partial not only in anti-reaching movements but in reaching movements with other rules and the availability of learning effects trained with anti-reaching movements is also partial in pro-reaching movements. We thus conclude that the switching rule causes the availability of learning effects to be partial rather than perfect even under same planned movements.New & NoteworthyMost motor learning experiments supported the involvement of planned movement directions in motor learning; the learning effects trained in a movement direction can be available at movement directions close to the trained one. Here, we show that the availability of motor learning effects is partial rather than perfect even under the same planned movements when rule is switched, which indicates that sports training and rehabilitation should include various situations under the same required motions.

Response intention and imagery processes: Locus, interaction, and contribution to motor learning

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Kohl ◽  
Sebastiano A. Fisicaro
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Actual Response

AbstractBy way of commentary on Jeannerod (1994), we propose that (1) intention, response imagery, and actual response processes carry equal weight in inferring from one process to another, (2) memory networks control intention, which interacts with imagery-based processing to control response imagery, and (3) response imagery will demonstrate learning effects better when imagery reconstruction and elaboration are emphasized and neutral retention tests are utilized.

scholarly journals Context-Dependent Partitioning of Motor Learning in Bimanual Movements

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 2082-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Howard ◽  
James N. Ingram ◽  
Daniel M. Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Perturbation Direction

Human subjects easily adapt to single dynamic or visuomotor perturbations. In contrast, when two opposing dynamic or visuomotor perturbations are presented sequentially, interference is often observed. We examined the effect of bimanual movement context on interference between opposing perturbations using pairs of contexts, in which the relative direction of movement between the two arms was different across the pair. When each perturbation direction was associated with a different bimanual context, such as movement of the arms in the same direction versus movement in the opposite direction, interference was dramatically reduced. This occurred over a short period of training and was seen for both dynamic and visuomotor perturbations, suggesting a partitioning of motor learning for the different bimanual contexts. Further support for this was found in a series of transfer experiments. Having learned a single dynamic or visuomotor perturbation in one bimanual context, subjects showed incomplete transfer of this learning when the context changed, even though the perturbation remained the same. In addition, we examined a bimanual context in which one arm was moved passively and show that the reduction in interference requires active movement. The sensory consequences of movement are thus insufficient to allow opposing perturbations to be co-represented. Our results suggest different bimanual movement contexts engage at least partially separate representations of dynamics and kinematics in the motor system.

Motor Learning: Is It Time to Go Beyond “How?”

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Corcos
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning
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