scholarly journals Erratum: Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Prototheca wickerhamii plastid genome sequences give insight into the origins of non-photosynthetic algae

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yan ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Tatsuya Murakami ◽  
Yue Shen ◽  
Jianhui Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Prototheca Wickerhamii ◽  
Auxenochlorella Protothecoides ◽  
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scholarly journals Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Prototheca wickerhamii plastid genome sequences give insight into the origins of non-photosynthetic algae

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Yan ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Tatsuya Murakami ◽  
Yue Shen ◽  
Jianhui Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Eukaryotic Evolution ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Prototheca Wickerhamii ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Auxenochlorella Protothecoides ◽  
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Abstract The forfeiting of photosynthetic capabilities has occurred independently many times throughout eukaryotic evolution. But almost all non-photosynthetic plants and algae still retain a colorless plastid and an associated genome, which performs fundamental processes apart from photosynthesis. Unfortunately, little is known about the forces leading to photosynthetic loss; this is largely because there is a lack of data from transitional species. Here, we compare the plastid genomes of two “transitional” green algae: the photosynthetic, mixotrophic Auxenochlorella protothecoides and the non-photosynthetic, obligate heterotroph Prototheca wickerhamii. Remarkably, the plastid genome of A. protothecoides is only slightly larger than that of P. wickerhamii, making it among the smallest plastid genomes yet observed from photosynthetic green algae. Even more surprising, both algae have almost identical plastid genomic architectures and gene compositions (with the exception of genes involved in photosynthesis), implying that they are closely related. This close relationship was further supported by phylogenetic and substitution rate analyses, which suggest that the lineages giving rise to A. protothecoides and P. wickerhamii diverged from one another around six million years ago.

scholarly journals Pyruvate Substitutions on Glycoconjugates

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hager ◽  
Sützl ◽  
Stefanović ◽  
Blaukopf ◽  
Schäffer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Acid Labile ◽  
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Glycoconjugates are the most diverse biomolecules of life. Mostly located at the cell surface, they translate into cell-specific “barcodes” and offer a vast repertoire of functions, including support of cellular physiology, lifestyle, and pathogenicity. Functions can be fine-tuned by non-carbohydrate modifications on the constituting monosaccharides. Among these modifications is pyruvylation, which is present either in enol or ketal form. The most commonly best-understood example of pyruvylation is enol-pyruvylation of N-acetylglucosamine, which occurs at an early stage in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan. Ketal-pyruvylation, in contrast, is present in diverse classes of glycoconjugates, from bacteria to algae to yeast—but not in humans. Mild purification strategies preventing the loss of the acid-labile ketal-pyruvyl group have led to a collection of elucidated pyruvylated glycan structures. However, knowledge of involved pyruvyltransferases creating a ring structure on various monosaccharides is scarce, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of fingerprint motifs of these enzymes and the unavailability of genome sequences of the organisms undergoing pyruvylation. This review compiles the current information on the widespread but under-investigated ketal-pyruvylation of monosaccharides, starting with different classes of pyruvylated glycoconjugates and associated functions, leading to pyruvyltransferases, their specificity and sequence space, and insight into pyruvate analytics.

scholarly journals Plasmodium cynomolgi genome sequences provide insight into Plasmodium vivax and the monkey malaria clade

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1051-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichiro Tachibana ◽  
Steven A Sullivan ◽  
Satoru Kawai ◽  
Shota Nakamura ◽  
Hyunjae R Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Plasmodium Cynomolgi ◽  
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