scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from Zambian dairy cattle across different production systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Mainda ◽  
Paul R. Bessell ◽  
John B. Muma ◽  
Sean P. McAteer ◽  
Margo E. Chase-Topping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
E Coli

Abstract This study focused on the use of antibiotics on small, medium and commercial-sized dairy farms in the central region of Zambia and its relationship to antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. A stratified random sample of 104 farms was studied, representing approximately 20% of all dairy farms in the region. On each farm, faecal samples were collected from a random sample of animals and a standardised questionnaire on the usage of antibiotics was completed. An E. coli isolate was obtained from 98.67% (371/376) of the sampled animals and tested for resistance to six classes of antibiotics. The estimated prevalence of resistance across the different farming systems was: tetracycline (10.61; 95%CI: 7.40–13.82), ampicillin (6.02; 95%CI: 3.31–8.73), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (4.49; 95%CI: 2.42–6.56), cefpodoxime (1.91; 95%CI: 0.46–3.36), gentamicin (0.89; 95%CI: 0.06–1.84) and ciprofloxacin (0%). Univariate analyses indicated certain diseases, exotic breeds, location, farm size and certain management practices as risk factors for detection of resistance, whereas multivariate analyses showed an association with lumpy skin disease and a protective effect for older animals (>25 months). This study has provided novel insights into the drivers of antibiotic use and their association with antibiotic resistance in an under-studied region of Southern Africa.

Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolates from Different Leafy Green Production Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1846-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSIMANEGAPE JONGMAN ◽  
LISE KORSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Foodborne disease outbreaks linked to contaminated irrigation water and fresh produce are a public health concern. The presence of Escherichia coli isolates from irrigation water and leafy green vegetables in different food production systems (large commercial farms, small-scale farms, and homestead gardens) was investigated. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence in these isolates was further assessed, and links between water source and irrigated crops were identified using antimicrobial and genotypic analyses. Presumptive E. coli isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, and identities were confirmed by PCR using the uidA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated with the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test; the presence of virulence genes was determined with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR assays. Of the 130 E. coli isolates from water (n =60) and leafy green vegetables (n =70), 19 (14.6%) were resistant to one antibiotic (tetracycline) and 92 (70.7%) were resistant to various antibiotics (including ampicillin, cefoxitin, and nalidixic acid). All E. coli isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and gentamicin. The virulence gene stx2 was detected in E. coli isolates from irrigation water (8 [13.3%] of 60 isolates) and cabbages (3 [7.5%] of 40), but the virulence genes eae and stx1 were not detected in any tested isolates from irrigation water and fresh produce samples. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli was lower in isolates from GLOBALG.A.P.-certified farms than in isolates from noncertified commercial and small-scale farms and homestead gardens. A link between the E. coli isolates from irrigation water sources and leafy green vegetables was established with phenotypic (antimicrobial) and genotypic (DNA fingerprinting) analyses. However, a link between virulence genes and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance could not be established.

scholarly journals Selection and co-selection of antibiotic resistances among Escherichia coli by antibiotic use in primary care: an ecological analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen B Pouwels ◽  
Berit Muller-Pebody ◽  
Timo Smieszek ◽  
Susan Hopkins ◽  
Julie V Robotham
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractThe majority of studies that link antibiotic usage and resistance focus on simple associations between the resistance against a specific antibiotic and the use of that specific antibiotic. However, the relationship between antibiotic use and resistance is more complex. Here we evaluate which antibiotics, including those mainly prescribed for respiratory tract infections, are associated with increased resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from urinary samples.Monthly primary care prescribing data were obtained from National Health Service (NHS) Digital. Positive E. coli records from urine samples in English primary care (n=888,207) between April 2014 and January 2016 were obtained from the Second Generation Surveillance System. Elastic net regularization was used to evaluate associations between prescribing of different antibiotic groups and resistance against amoxicillin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav and nitrofurantoin at the clinical commissioning group (CCG) level. England is divided into 209 CCGs, with each NHS practice prolonging to one CCG.Amoxicillin prescribing (measured in DDD/ 1000 inhabitants / day) was positively associated with amoxicillin (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.04) and ciprofloxacin (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.17) resistance. In contrast, nitrofurantoin prescribing was associated with lower levels of resistance to amoxicillin (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 – 0.97). CCGs with higher levels of trimethoprim prescribing also had higher levels of ciprofloxacin resistance (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10 – 1.59).Amoxicillin, which is mainly (and often unnecessarily) prescribed for respiratory tract infections is associated with increased resistance against various antibiotics among E. coli causing urinary tract infections. Our findings suggest that when predicting the potential impact of interventions on antibiotic resistances it is important to account for use of other antibiotics, including those typically used for other indications.Author summaryAntibiotic resistance is increasingly recognised as a threat to modern healthcare. Effective antibiotics are crucial for treatment of serious bacterial infections and are necessary to avoid that complicated surgical procedures and chemotherapy becoming life-threatening. Antibiotic use is one of the main drivers of antibiotic resistance. The majority of antibiotic prescriptions are prescribed in primary care, however, a large proportion of these antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary. Understanding which antibiotics are causing antibiotic resistance to what extent is needed to prevent under- or over-investment in interventions lowering use of specific antibiotics, such as rapid diagnostic tests for respiratory tract infection.We have statistically evaluated which antibiotics are associated with higher and lower levels of antibiotic resistance against common antibiotics among Escherichia coli bacteria sampled from the urinary tract by comparing antibiotic prescribing and resistance in different geographical areas in England. Our model shows that amoxicillin, the most commonly used antibiotic in England and mainly used for respiratory tract infections, is associated with increased resistance against several other antibiotics among bacteria causing urinary tract infections. The methods used in this study, that overcome several of the limitations of previous studies, can be used to explore the complex relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in other settings.

scholarly journals Detection and drug resistance profile of Escherichia coli from subclinical mastitis cows and water supply in dairy farms in Saraburi Province, Thailand

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woranich Hinthong ◽  
Natapol Pumipuntu ◽  
Sirijan Santajit ◽  
Suphang Kulpeanprasit ◽  
Shutipen Buranasinsup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

Subclinical mastitis is a persistent problem in dairy farms worldwide. Environmental Escherichia coli is the bacterium predominantly responsible for this condition. In Thailand, subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is usually treated with various antibiotics, which could lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. E. coli is also a reservoir of many antibiotic resistance genes, which can be conveyed to other bacteria. In this study, the presence of E. coli in milk and water samples was reported, among which enteropathogenic E. coli was predominant, followed by enteroaggregative E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which was found only in milk samples. Twenty-one patterns of antibiotic resistance were identified in this study. Ampicillin- and carbenicillin-resistant E. coli was the most common among the bacterial isolates from water samples. Meanwhile, resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was the pattern found most commonly in the E. coli from milk samples. Notably, only the E. coli from water samples possessed ESBL phenotype and carried antibiotic resistance genes, blaTEM and blaCMY-2. This indicates that pathogenic E. coli in dairy farms is also exposed to antibiotics and could potentially transfer these genes to other pathogenic bacteria under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Study of Antibiotic Resistance on Escherichia Coli in Commercial Poultry of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Khanal ◽  
S.B. Raut ◽  
U. Paneru
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commercial Poultry

The continuous use of antibiotics in compound feed at sub-therapeutic level has been an integral part of commercial poultry production in Nepal, which is one of the factors that promotes bacterial resistance. Hence, with the objective to determine antibiotic resistance in commercial poultry of Nepal, this study was designed taking Escherichia coli as a flagship bacterium. The commercial layers and broilers birds brought to veterinary teaching hospital of Agriculture and Forestry University by commercial poultry producers for disease diagnosis and treatment were considered as clinical examination of birds were carried out followed by post mortem examination (PME). Those layer/broiler birds which were not taking antibiotic orally or parenterally for last 2 weeks and diagnosed with collibacillosis on PME were included in sampling frame. Air sacculitis, fibrinous pericarditis, fibrinous perihepatitis, and coligranuloma were major criteria for presumptive diagnosis of colibacillosis on PME. The first 40 for both broiler and layer birds totaling 80 that fulfilled the criteria were selected as samples, each representing a commercial farm. All necessary information on daily management practices and previous treatments were obtained from farmer’s record book or sheets or face to face interview. Avian pathogenic E. coli was isolated from aseptically collected liver samples and confirmed by biochemical tests. Antibiogram of the isolates were investigated by means of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. E. coli was isolated from all liver samples taken for the culture. It was found that E. coli were resistant most substantially towards Cephalexin (81.2%) and Amoxycillin (81.2%) followed by Tetracycline (78.8%), Colistin sulphate (n=50, 62.5%). Chloramphenicol (61.2%), Ciprofloxacin (55.0%), Enrofloxacin (53.8%), Levofloxacin (28.8%), however, no resistance was found against amikacin. The proportion of E. coli isolates that were resistance against Colistin sulphate (p<0.05), Chloramphenicol (p< 0.05), Tetracycline (p<0.001), Ciprofloxacin (p<0.01), Enrofloxacin (p<0.05) and Gentamicin (p<0.01) were significantly higher in layers compared to that of broilers. In conclusion, avian pathogenic E. coli were resistant towards several antibiotic molecules commonly used in commercial poultry of Nepal, and the resistance was higher in layers compared to broilers.

scholarly journals Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ofEscherichia coli Isolates from Swine Farms

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2770-2772 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Mathew ◽  
A. M. Saxton ◽  
W. G. Upchurch ◽  
S. E. Chattin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Ofescherichia Coli ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Farm Types

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from sows and pigs was determined to compare patterns between pigs of various ages and degrees of antibiotic use. Resistance patterns differed between farm types and pigs of differing ages, indicating that pig age and degree of antibiotic use affect resistance of fecal E. coli.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis of Dairy Farms in Algeria from 2017 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-415
Author(s):  
Loubna Ghallache ◽  
Abdellah Mohamed-Cherif ◽  
Bernard China ◽  
Faiza Mebkhout ◽  
Nesrine Boilattabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile

Mastitis in cows is a major problem in dairy farms leading to a decrease in the quantity and quality of milk. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in milk and the subclinical mastitis, and to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolated E. coli. In the current study, a total of 360 cow raw milk samples from three dairy farms of the region of Algiers were analyzed. The analysis period lasted from Spring 2017 to Winter 2019. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was applied to detect subclinical mastitis. The E. coli strains were isolated from milk using conventional bacteriological methods. The antibiotic resistance profile of the isolated E. coli strains to 12 different antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. On β-lactamase-producing strains, a double diffusion test was applied to identify the Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. Finally, the ctXx-M genes were amplified by PCR. Two-thirds (66.4%) of the milk samples were positive for the CMT test. A total of 97 E. coli strains were isolated from the milk samples, their resistance to antibiotics was tested, and 3.1% of the strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 6.2% to chloramphenicol, 12.3% to gentamicin, 13.4% to colistin, 23.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate, 31.9% to kanamycin, 39.2% to enrofloxacin, 51.5% to cefotaxime, 52% to tetracycline, 57.7% to ampicillin, 74.3% to nalidixic acid, and 75.3% to amoxicillin. Furthermore, most of the E. coli strains (92.8%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic with a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance index ranging from 0 to 0.8. The 50 strains resistant to cefotaxime were analyzed for an ESBL phenotype. 39 of them (78%) were positive to the double-disk synergy test. Among the 39 ESBL positive strains, 27 (69.2%) were confirmed for the presence of a CTX-M gene by PCR. The present study showed that multiple drug-resistant E. coli, including ESBL-carriers, were frequently isolated from the milk of dairy cows in Algeria. The results underlined that the use of antibiotics on farms must be reasoned to avoid the spread of resistant strains in animals and human populations.

scholarly journals Effects of Selection Pressure and Genetic Association on the Relationship between Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence in Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 6733-6740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Karen Levy ◽  
Gabriel Trueba ◽  
William Cevallos ◽  
James Trostle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Antibiotic Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Selection Pressure

ABSTRACTAntibiotic selection pressure and genetic associations may lead to the cooccurrence of resistance and virulence in individual pathogens. However, there is a lack of rigorous epidemiological evidence that demonstrates the cooccurrence of resistance and virulence at the population level. Using samples from a population-based case-control study in 25 villages in rural Ecuador, we characterized resistance to 12 antibiotics among pathogenic (n= 86) and commensal (n= 761)Escherichia coliisolates, classified by the presence or absence of known diarrheagenic virulence factor genes. The prevalences of resistance to single and multiple antibiotics were significantly higher for pathogenic isolates than for commensal isolates. Using a generalized estimating equation, antibiotic resistance was independently associated with virulence factor carriage, case status, and antibiotic use (for these respective factors: odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, with a 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.7 to 5.1; OR = 2.0, with a 95% CI of 1.3 to 3.0; and OR = 1.5, with a 95% CI of 0.9 to 2.5). Virulence factor carriage was more strongly related to antibiotic resistance than antibiotic use for all antibiotics examined, with the exception of fluoroquinolones, gentamicin, and cefotaxime. This study provides epidemiological evidence that antibiotic resistance and virulence factor carriage are linked inE. colipopulations in a community setting. Further, these data suggest that while the cooccurrence of resistance and virulence inE. coliis partially due to antibiotic selection pressure, it is also genetically determined. These findings should be considered in developing strategies for treating infections and controlling for antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of Sand and Sawdust Bedding Materials on the Fecal Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. LeJeune ◽  
Michael D. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Sand Bedding

ABSTRACT Farm management practices that reduce the prevalence of food-borne pathogens in live animals are predicted to enhance food safety. To ascertain the potential role of livestock bedding in the ecology and epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on farms, the survival of this pathogen in used-sand and used-sawdust dairy cow bedding was determined. Additionally, a longitudinal study of mature dairy cattle housed on 20 commercial dairy farms was conducted to compare the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle bedded on sand to that in cattle bedded on sawdust. E. coli O157:H7 persisted at higher concentrations in used-sawdust bedding than in used-sand bedding. The overall average herd level prevalence (3.1 versus 1.4%) and the number of sample days yielding any tests of feces positive for E. coli O157:H7 (22 of 60 days versus 13 of 60 days) were higher in sawdust-bedded herds. The choice of bedding material used to house mature dairy cows may impact the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on dairy farms.

scholarly journals Resistensi Antibiotik pada Escherichia coli yang Diisolasi dari Daging Ayam pada Pasar Tradisional di Kota Bogor (ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN MEAT OF TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN THE CITY OF BOGOR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Connie Januari ◽  
Mirnawati Bachrum Sudarwanto ◽  
Trioso Purnawarman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

Antibiotic use in farm is spread widely to treat of poultry disease including therapy, supportive or preventive use and as afeed additive to improve chicken performance. The negative effects of antibiotic use can increase the level of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat that were sold in Traditional Market of Bogor City. A total of 175 samples of chicken meat were taken by purposive sampling method, out of 175 found 50 positive samples of E. coli. The samples were subjected to E. coli examination and the isolated E. coli were tested for the antibiotic resistance using eight antibiotics, i.e., amoxicillin, cefotaxime, colistin, nalidixid acid, streptomycin, erythromycin, oxytetracillin, and tetracycline. The study was conducted by using the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The study showed E. coli isolated from chicken meat were resistance towards amoxicilin (90%), colistin (94%), nalidixid acid (86%), streptomycin (98%), erythromycin (98%), oxytetracillin (84%), tetracycline (86%), and cefotaxime antibiotics (12%). The proportion of multidrugresistant was 99%. The higher of multidrug-resistant indicated the E. coli would be a threat to public and environmental health. 

Canadian Perspectives on Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY B. WILSON ◽  
ROGER P. JOHNSON ◽  
ROBERT C. CLARKE ◽  
KRIS RAHN ◽  
SHANE A. RENWICK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection

Infection with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) became nationally reportable in 1990. Between 1990 and 1994, the national incidence of reported infections ranged from 3 to 5.3 per 100,000 inhabitants. Most cases are sporadic and are caused by E. coli O157:H7. Recent investigations have identified that, in addition to exposure to undercooked ground beef, contact with cattle, consumption of well water, and exposure to rural environments are important risk factors for VTEC infection. Also, results of case control studies and detection of asymptomatic fecal carriage of E. coli O157:H7 and other VTEC in farm family members and abattoir workers have led to an increasing emphasis on person-to-person spread in the epidemiology of VTEC infection. Controlling E. coli O157:H7 and other VTEC at the farm level may therefore have a broader impact than simply reducing the risk of foodborne VTEC infection. Longitudinal studies on dairy farms have demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 carriage by cattle at the farm and animal level is often transient, and that cattle, rather than the farm environment, are the major reservoir for this organism on dairy farms. Small herds that are controlled by traditional management practices have the highest risk for VTEC infection. Further studies are likely to result in development of effective strategies to control VTEC at the farm level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document