scholarly journals Toward Smart Implant Synthesis: Bonding Bioceramics of Different Resorbability to Match Bone Growth Rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Comesaña ◽  
Fernando Lusquiños ◽  
Jesús del Val ◽  
Félix Quintero ◽  
Antonio Riveiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth

Relationship between bone growth rate and bone tissue organization in amniotes: first test of Amprino's rule in a phylogenetic context

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Castanet ◽  
Jorge Cubo ◽  
Laëtitia Montes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Functional Factors

AbstractA debate on the determinism (phylogenetic versus functional) of the diversity of bone histological features has centred the interest of bone comparative biologists. While some authors have noticed the presence of a phylogenetic signal in bone tissue variation, many others have argued that these characters may not include much phylogenetic information, but rather reflect functional factors. Here we quantify both components in a sample of amniotes. We hypothesize that: 1/ the observed variation is partly the outcome of shared ancestry (phylogenetic factor) and 2/ for a given quantity of bone produced, tissues formed at a rapid rate may have a higher fraction of vascular cavities than those produced at a slower rate (functional factor). Variation partitioning analyses show that the phylogeny explains a significant portion of the variation of bone vascularity (85.3%), bone growth rate also explains a significant portion of this variation (68.3%), and there is an important overlap (67.9%). Finally, an optimization through least-squares parsimony of bone growth rates onto the phylogeny shows that the most important evolutionary change may have occurred after the split between crocodiles and birds. This change may be linked to the origin of avian endothermic metabolism because high growth rates involve high protein turnover, which is very energy consuming. We conclude that the debate on the dichotomy between phylogenetic versus functional causation of bone histological diversity is misleading, because we have shown that bone vascularity has, at the same time, a functional significance and a phylogenetic signal.

scholarly journals Effects of Bisphosphonates on Osseointegration of Dental Implants in Rabbit Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ru Qing Yu ◽  
Jing Yi Wang ◽  
Nian Jing Rao ◽  
Lei Huo ◽  
Li Wu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Calvarial Bone

This study is to investigate the effect of bisphosphonates on the osseointegration of dental implants in a rabbit model. Twenty female New Zealand White rabbits were equally assigned into control and experiment groups which received saline or zoledronic acid treatment 4 weeks prior to surgery. Titanium dental implant was placed on the calvarial bone. Zoledronic acid or saline treatment continued after surgery for 4 weeks (short-term subgroup) or 8 weeks (long-term subgroup) until sacrifice. Three different fluorochrome labeling solutions were administrated for assessing bone growth rates. Samples of the calvarial bone and mandible were subjected to microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), confocal microscope, and histology analysis. Zoledronic acid treatment significantly reduced bone growth rates in the calvarial bone, but had no significant influence in bone mineral density and trabecular microarchitecture. Significantly lower bone-to-implant contact ratios were found in zoledronic acid-treated animals compared to controls at week 4 but not at week 8. Oncologic dose zoledronic acid suppresses the bone growth rates of the calvarial bone; ZA may have an adverse effect on osseointegration of dental implant in short term, but this effect tends to diminish in long term.

scholarly journals Quantitative histological models suggest endothermy in plesiosaurs

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna V. Fleischle ◽  
Tanja Wintrich ◽  
P. Martin Sander
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Bone Apposition ◽  
Local Bone

BackgroundPlesiosaurs are marine reptiles that arose in the Late Triassic and survived to the Late Cretaceous. They have a unique and uniform bauplan and are known for their very long neck and hydrofoil-like flippers. Plesiosaurs are among the most successful vertebrate clades in Earth’s history. Based on bone mass decrease and cosmopolitan distribution, both of which affect lifestyle, indications of parental care, and oxygen isotope analyses, evidence for endothermy in plesiosaurs has accumulated. Recent bone histological investigations also provide evidence of fast growth and elevated metabolic rates. However, quantitative estimations of metabolic rates and bone growth rates in plesiosaurs have not been attempted before.MethodsPhylogenetic eigenvector maps is a method for estimating trait values from a predictor variable while taking into account phylogenetic relationships. As predictor variable, this study employs vascular density, measured in bone histological sections of fossil eosauropterygians and extant comparative taxa. We quantified vascular density as primary osteon density, thus, the proportion of vascular area (including lamellar infillings of primary osteons) to total bone area. Our response variables are bone growth rate (expressed as local bone apposition rate) and resting metabolic rate (RMR).ResultsOur models reveal bone growth rates and RMRs for plesiosaurs that are in the range of birds, suggesting that plesiosaurs were endotherm. Even for basal eosauropterygians we estimate values in the range of mammals or higher.DiscussionOur models are influenced by the availability of comparative data, which are lacking for large marine amniotes, potentially skewing our results. However, our statistically robust inference of fast growth and fast metabolism is in accordance with other evidence for plesiosaurian endothermy. Endothermy may explain the success of plesiosaurs consisting in their survival of the end-Triassic extinction event and their global radiation and dispersal.

Analysis of Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) Growth Rates Based on Long-Bone Growth Rings

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Newcomb Homan ◽  
J. Michael Reed ◽  
Bryan S. Windmiller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Spotted Salamander

Periosteal bone growth rates in extant ratites (ostriche and emu). Implications for assessing growth in dinosaurs

2000 ◽  
Vol 323 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Castanet ◽  
Kristina Curry Rogers ◽  
Jorge Cubo ◽  
Jean Jacques-Boisard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth

scholarly journals Different Bone Growth Rates Are Associated With Changes in the Expression Pattern of Types II and X Collagens and Collagenase 3 in Proximal Growth Plates of the Rat Tibia

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Álvarez ◽  
Milagros Balbín ◽  
Fernando Santos ◽  
Marta Fernández ◽  
Susana Ferrando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Rat Tibia

The anabolic actions of growth hormone and thyroxine on protein metabolism in Snell dwarf and normal mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Bates ◽  
A. T. Holder
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dwarf Mice ◽  
Rna Concentration

ABSTRACT The individual effects of GH and thyroxine (T4) on protein metabolism were determined in dwarf and normal mice in vivo. The hormone deficiencies of dwarf mice (low serum concentrations of GH and T4) resulted in decreased protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and liver, but no difference in synthesis rates in heart. The efficiency of synthesis (g protein/g RNA per day; KRNA) was lower in all three tissues in dwarf compared with normal mice, but effects on RNA concentration were not consistent; there was no change in muscle, a decrease in liver and an increase in heart. Treatment of dwarf mice for 9 days with either human GH or T4 caused increases in body weight and length. Protein synthesis rates were increased in muscle, liver and heart by either hormone, though much more so with T4 than GH. In muscle and liver both GH and T4 treatment resulted in an increased RNA concentration, but T4 treatment also increased KRNA. In heart, both GH and T4 increased KRNA with no change in RNA concentration. GH caused no significant changes in protein degradation rates so that growth rates were increased. T4 increased degradation rates so that there was no increased net growth in muscle or liver; in heart, T4 did induce increased growth despite the large increase in degradation rate. Tibial length was increased by both hormones; GH treatment of dwarf mice also increased cartilage sulphate incorporation on day 9, but T4 treatment did not, suggesting that bone growth is transient with T4 treatment. Normal mice showed no changes in growth or tissue protein metabolism in response to GH, but following T4 treatment there was increased protein turnover due to higher tissue RNA concentrations, although only heart growth was increased. Thus normal mice showed almost no net response to GH or T4, but dwarf mice showed a large response to both hormones. The response was different, however, in that GH caused concomitant increases in growth rates whereas T4 altered body tissue proportions. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 31–41

Paleohistological estimation of bone growth rate in extinct archosaurs

Paleobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cubo ◽  
Nathalie Le Roy ◽  
Cayetana Martinez-Maza ◽  
Laetitia Montes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Validation Tests

The clade Archosauria contains two very different sister groups in terms of diversity (number of species) and disparity (phenotypic variation): Crurotarsi (taxa more closely related to crocodiles than to birds) and Ornithodira (pterosaurs and dinosaurs including birds). The extant species of Crurotarsi may constitute a biased sample of past biodiversity regarding growth patterns and metabolic rates. Bone histological characters can be conserved over hundreds of millions of years in the fossil record and potentially contain information about individual age at death, age at sexual maturity, bone growth rates, and basal metabolic rates of extinct vertebrates. Using a sample of extant amniotes, we have constructed a paleobiological model to estimate bone growth rate from bone histological traits. Cross-validation tests show that this model is reliable. We then used it to estimate bone growth rates in a sample of extinct archosaurs including Crurotarsi and Ornithodira. After testing for phylogenetic signal, optimization of femoral growth rates through squared change parsimony onto a time-calibrated tree of amniotes shows two divergent evolutionary trends: whereas bone growth rates increase from the last common ancestor of Ornithodira to extant birds, they decrease from the last common ancestor of Crurotarsi to extant crocodiles. However, we conclude, on the basis of recent evidence for unidirectional airflow in the lungs of alligators, that crocodiles may have retained the capacity of growing at high rates.

scholarly journals Labelling experiments in red deer provide a general model for early bone growth dynamics in ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Calderón ◽  
Walter Arnold ◽  
Gabrielle Stalder ◽  
Johanna Painer ◽  
Meike Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Gain Curve

AbstractGrowth rates importantly determine developmental time and are, therefore, a key variable of a species' life history. A widely used method to reconstruct growth rates and to estimate age at death in extant and particularly in fossil vertebrates is the analysis of bone tissue apposition rates. Lines of arrested growth (LAGs) are of special interest here, as they indicate a halt in bone growth. However, although of great importance, the time intervals between, and particularly the reason of growth arrests remains unknown. Therefore, experiments are increasingly called for to calibrate growth rates with tissue types and life history events, and to provide reliable measurements of the time involved in the formation of LAGs. Based on in vivo bone labelling, we calibrated periods of bone tissue apposition, growth arrest, drift and resorption over the period from birth to post-weaning in a large mammal, the red deer. We found that bone growth rates tightly matched the daily weight gain curve, i.e. decreased with age, with two discrete periods of growth rate disruption that coincided with the life history events birth and weaning, that were visually recognisable in bone tissue as either partial LAGs or annuli. Our study identified for the first time in a large mammal a general pattern for juvenile bone growth rates, including periods of growth arrest. The tight correlation between daily weight gain and bone tissue apposition suggests that the red deer bone growth model is valid for ruminants in general where the daily weight gain curve is comparable.

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