scholarly journals Risk factors associated with Rift Valley fever epidemics in South Africa in 2008–11

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaëlle Métras ◽  
Chris Jewell ◽  
Thibaud Porphyre ◽  
Peter N. Thompson ◽  
Dirk U. Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Farm-Level Risk Factors of Increased Abortion and Mortality in Domestic Ruminants during the 2010 Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Central South Africa

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Melinda K. Rostal ◽  
Sarah Cleaveland ◽  
Claudia Cordel ◽  
Lara van Staden ◽  
Louise Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Central South

(1) Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in domestic ruminants have severe socio-economic impacts. Climate-based continental predictions providing early warnings to regions at risk for RVF outbreaks are not of a high enough resolution for ruminant owners to assess their individual risk. (2) Methods: We analyzed risk factors for RVF occurrence and severity at the farm level using the number of domestic ruminant deaths and abortions reported by farmers in central South Africa during the 2010 RVF outbreaks using a Bayesian multinomial hurdle framework. (3) Results: We found strong support that the proportion of days with precipitation, the number of water sources, and the proportion of goats in the herd were positively associated with increased severity of RVF (the numbers of deaths and abortions). We did not find an association between any risk factors and whether RVF was reported on farms. (4) Conclusions: At the farm level we identified risk factors of RVF severity; however, there was little support for risk factors of RVF occurrence. The identification of farm-level risk factors for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) occurrence would support and potentially improve current prediction methods and would provide animal owners with critical information needed in order to assess their herd’s risk of RVFV infection.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever infection and risk factors among one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamu Andrew Musa ◽  
Yila Simon Ayo ◽  
Allam Lushakyaa ◽  
Sackey Anthony ◽  
Alhaji Nma Bida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractBackgroundRift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that has become emerging and re-emerging in some regions of the world, infecting livestock and humans. One-humped camels are important economic livestock species in Africa used for traction, transportation, and food. Regional and international trade has continued to increase the risk of this disease, spreading widely and causing severe economic and public health catastrophes in affected regions. In spite of these risks, there is a dearth of information about the status of RVF in camels in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the RVF virus in one-humped camels in Nigeria and identify the risk factors associated with the disease.MethodsA cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out in seven local government areas of Jigawa and Katsina States. The sera from camels were tested for anti-RVFV IgG. Camel owners were administered a structured questionnaire to ascertain their knowledge, attitude, and practice.ResultsAn overall prevalence of 19.9% (95% CI; 17.07-22.90) was recorded. Based on age groups, the highest prevalence of 20.9% (95% CI; 17.00-25.31) was obtained among older camels (6-10 years), while female camels recorded a high prevalence of 20.4% (95%CI; 15.71-25.80). Sule Tankar-kar recorded the highest prevalence with 33% (95%CI; 1.31-4.72, p= 0.007) and OR 2.47 in Jigawa State while Mai’adua had 24.7% (95%CI; 0.97-2.73, p=0.030) with OR 1.62 in Katsina State respectively. From the risk map, local government areas bordering Niger Republic were at a high risk of RVF. Only high rainfall was not significantly linked with RVF occurrence among nomadic camel pastoralists (95%CI 0.93-5.20; p=0.070).ConclusionThere is a need for the country to have quarantine units across borders for screening animals coming from neighbouring countries for transboundary infectious diseases such as RVF.Author SummaryRift Valley fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever that affects animals and humans with high mortality. Recently there has been increased demand in camel meat and products for food and therapeutic purposes. Climate change, coupled with insecurity in the Sahel, has had a significant impact on transhumance activities where camels and their owners move to different countries in search of pasture for their animals. Though Nigeria has not reported an outbreak of Rift Valley fever despite serological evidence in various animal species, there is a need to assess RVF in camels, which is a critical animal species, involved in transhumance with the potential of introducing transboundary diseases into new areas. The study assessed the presence of antibodies in camels, identified risk factors associated with the disease in camels and areas at risk for the disease. Our study found a seroprevalence of 19.9% in camels in two northern states of Nigeria, which shares a boundary with the Niger Republic that recently reported an outbreak. Our findings suggest that areas in proximity to Niger Republic are at a high risk to the disease and camels belonging to transhumance pastoralists are highly likely to contract Rift Valley fever since they are exposed to various ecological and environmental factors that precipitate the disease.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Severe Human Rift Valley Fever in Sangailu, Garissa County, Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e0003548 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Desirée LaBeaud ◽  
Sarah Pfeil ◽  
Samuel Muiruri ◽  
Saidi Dahir ◽  
Laura J. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Rift Valley fever in cattle and selected wildlife species at the livestock/wildlife interface areas of Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masimba Ndengu ◽  
Gift Matope ◽  
Musavengana Tivapasi ◽  
Davies M. Pfukenyi ◽  
Catherine Cetre-Sossah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Porous Interface ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

A study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in cattle and some selected wildlife species at selected interface areas at the periphery of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in Zimbabwe. Three study sites were selected based on the type of livestock–wildlife interface: porous livestock–wildlife interface (unrestricted); non-porous livestock–wildlife interface (restricted by fencing) and livestock–wildlife non-interface (totally absent contact or control). Sera were collected from cattle aged ≥ 2 years representing both female and intact male. Sera were also collected from selected wild ungulates from Mabalauta (porous interface) and Chipinda Pools (non-interface) areas of the Gonarezhou National Park. Sera were tested for antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. AX2 test was used to assess differences between categories, and p 0.05 was considered as significant. In cattle, the overall seroprevalence was 1.7% (17/1011) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.7). The porous interface recorded a seroprevalence of 2.3% (95% CI: 1.2–4.3), the non-porous interface recorded a prevalence of 1.8% (95% CI: 0.7–4.3) and the non-interface area recorded a seroprevalence of 0.4% (955 CI: 0.02–2.5), but the difference in seroprevalence according to site was not significant (p 0.05). All impala and kudu samples tested negative. The overall seroprevalence in buffaloes was 11.7% (95% CI: 6.6–19.5), and there was no significant (p = 0.38) difference between the sites (Mabalauta, 4.4% [95% CI: 0.2–24] vs. Chipinda, 13.6% [95% CI: 7.6–23]). The overall seroprevalence in buffaloes (11.7%, 13/111) was significantly (p 0.0001) higher than in cattle (1.7%, 17/1011). The results established the presence of RVFV in cattle and selected wildlife and that sylvatic infections may be present in buffalo populations. Further studies are required to investigate if the virus is circulating between cattle and wildlife.

scholarly journals Human Cases of Rift Valley Fever in South Africa, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Jansen van Vuren ◽  
Joe Kgaladi ◽  
Venessa Patharoo ◽  
Phumza Ohaebosim ◽  
Veerle Msimang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Valley Fever

Neutralizing antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in wild antelope in far northern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, indicate recent virus circulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1356-1363
Author(s):  
Carien Van den Bergh ◽  
Estelle H. Venter ◽  
Robert Swanepoel ◽  
Cathariné C. Hanekom ◽  
Peter N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Kwazulu Natal
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