scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Approaches for the Surface Interaction between Copper and Activated Sludge Microorganisms at Molecular Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Luo ◽  
Jie-Jie Chen ◽  
Guo-Ping Sheng ◽  
Ji-Hu Su ◽  
Shi-Qiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Surface Interaction ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Molecular Scale

Sludge production in membrane bioreactors under different conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
K-H. Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
One Year ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
The University ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
Sludge Production

With membrane bioreactors, the production of surplus sludge is lower than with conventional activated sludge systems, a fact that has been confirmed in a large number of analyses. There is, however, no consensus about the dimension of the reactions and their respective causes. In order to examine these, at the University of Hanover a pilot plant with a capacity of 220 l was run for one year without any extraction of surplus sludge. The plant was started with 2 g MLSS/l; after one year, this value had risen to approximately 18 g MLSS/l. In order to be able to set the plant for different sludge loads (0.04 to 0.2 kg COD/(kg MLSS · d)), the wastewater was artificially stocked up. The emerging result was that in contrast to conventional systems the sludge growth was lower, but still continuously existing. Then, comparisons with theoretical approaches were run – among others with the ASM1-Model – which confirmed the findings. One possible reason could be the different biocoenoses, which was assumed to be the cause after several microscopic examinations had been run.

STM of freeze-fracture replicas: Problems and promises

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
J. T. Woodward ◽  
J. A. N. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Organic Surfaces ◽  
Metal Layers ◽  
Conductive Surfaces

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) offers exciting new ways of imaging surfaces of biological or organic materials with resolution to the sub-molecular scale. Rigid, conductive surfaces can readily be imaged with the STM with atomic resolution. Unfortunately, organic surfaces are neither sufficiently conductive or rigid enough to be examined directly with the STM. At present, nonconductive surfaces can be examined in two ways: 1) Using the AFM, which measures the deflection of a weak spring as it is dragged across the surface, or 2) coating or replicating non-conductive surfaces with metal layers so as to make them conductive, then imaging with the STM. However, we have found that the conventional freeze-fracture technique, while extremely useful for imaging bulk organic materials with STM, must be modified considerably for optimal use in the STM.

Theoretical Approaches to Trauma Adaptation: Beyond PTSD

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Pyszczynski ◽  
Crystal Park ◽  
George Bonanno ◽  
Yuval Neria ◽  
Charles Benight
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approaches

RESONANT MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES IN LASER-SURFACE INTERACTION

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-443-C7-446
Author(s):  
J. REIF ◽  
H. B. NIELSEN ◽  
O. SEMMLER ◽  
P. TEPPER ◽  
E. MATTHIAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Interaction ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Multiphoton Processes
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