Non-Reciprocal Geometric Wave Diode by Engineering Asymmetric Shapes of Nonlinear Materials

Nianbei Li; Jie Ren

doi:10.1038/srep06228

Nonlinear Mechanics of Solids Containing Isolated Voids

Applied Mechanics Reviews ◽

10.1115/1.2192812 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 210-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Z. P. Huang ◽

J. Wang

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Cell Model ◽

Extreme Case ◽

Local Deformation ◽

Mechanics Of Solids ◽

Nonlinear Mechanics ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Nonlinear Materials ◽

A Cell ◽

Nonlinear Composite

The ductile fracture of many materials is related to the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids. Also, a material containing voids represents an extreme case of heterogeneous materials. In the last few decades, numerous studies have been devoted to the local deformation mechanisms and macroscopic overall properties of nonlinear materials containing voids. This article presents a critical review of the studies in three interconnected topics in nonlinear mechanics of materials containing isolated voids, namely, the growth of an isolated void in an infinite medium under a remote stress; the macroscopic mechanical behavior of these materials predicted by using a cell model; and bounds and estimates of the overall properties of these materials as a special case of nonlinear composite materials. Emphasis are placed upon analytical and semianalytical approaches for static loading conditions. Both the classical methods and more recent approaches are examined, and some inadequacies in the existing methods are pointed out. In addition to the critical review of the existing methods and results, some new results, including a power-law stress potential for compressible nonlinear materials, are presented and integrated into the pertinent theoretical frameworks. This review article contains 118 references.

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Photorefractive Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/s0883769400039658 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 29-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Agulló-López

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Third Order ◽

Nonlinear Materials ◽

Light Pattern ◽

Alternating Electric Fields ◽

Beam Coupling ◽

Photorefractive Materials ◽

A Charge ◽

Electrooptic Devices

There is a growing demand for nonlinear optical materials for a variety of applications—lasers and coherent sources, electrooptic devices, communication technologies, and optical processors and computers. Nonlinear optics is a vast field requiring materials with diverse performance features. Photorefractive (PR) materials, which experience a change in the refractive index under the effect of inhomogeneous illumination, constitute a relevant branch of the field. They behave as third-order nonlinear materials, which can be considered, in general, as photorefractive. However, the materials more commonly designated as photorefractives involve a charge-transport-induced nonlinearity, and it is these materials which are the object of this issue of the MRS Bulletin.At variance with conventional (often designated as Kerr) nonlinear materials, photorefractives are sensitive not to the local light intensity but to its spatial variation; i.e., they are nonlocal materials. This feature makes them more complicated to deal with than their conventional counterparts, since a χ(3) susceptibility cannot be properly defined (except as a k-dependent function). On the other hand, this sensitivity gives them some unique and interesting features. In particular, an interference light pattern illuminating the crystal and the generated index grating are phase-shifted, leading to remarkable beam coupling and amplification effects. The coupling gain can be markedly enhanced by applying alternating electric fields or by oscillating the interference fringes with a piezoelectric mirror. Efficient image amplifiers have been made using this effect.

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