scholarly journals Lateral spin transfer torque induced magnetic switching at room temperature demonstrated by x-ray microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buhl ◽  
A. Erbe ◽  
J. Grebing ◽  
S. Wintz ◽  
J. Raabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Switching

Time-resolved x-ray imaging of magnetization dynamics in spin-transfer torque devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chembrolu ◽  
J. P. Strachan ◽  
X. W. Yu ◽  
A. A. Tulapurkar ◽  
T. Tyliszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Dynamics ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals Spin-transfer torque in nanoscale magnetic devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1951) ◽  
pp. 3617-3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Ralph ◽  
Y.-T. Cui ◽  
L. Q. Liu ◽  
T. Moriyama ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Spin Torque ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Magnetic Devices ◽  
Magnetic Switching

We discuss recent highlights from research at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, regarding the use of spin-transfer torques to control magnetic moments in nanoscale ferromagnetic devices. We highlight progress on reducing the critical currents necessary to produce spin-torque-driven magnetic switching, quantitative measurements of the magnitude and direction of the spin torque in magnetic tunnel junctions, and single-shot measurements of the magnetic dynamics generated during thermally assisted spin-torque switching.

Photophysical properties and study of the singlet oxygen generation of tetraphenylporphyrinato palladium(II) complexes

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 964-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar Şen ◽  
Catherine Hirel ◽  
Ayşe-Gül Gürek ◽  
Chantal Andraud ◽  
Yann Bretonnière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Excited Singlet ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Generation ◽  
Singlet Oxygen Generation

Three differently substituted Pd-tetraphenyl-porphyrins complexes were synthesized and their X-ray crystal and photophysical properties were studied. All compounds display intense phosphorescence in de-aerated solutions at room temperature with decay time in the μs range. An efficient spin transfer to oxygen in aerated solutions was monitored using singlet oxygen (1 O 2) luminescence at 1275 nm. For all compounds, the quantum efficiency for generating singlet oxygen was found to be close to unity. Interesting differences in the pathways from the excited singlet state to singlet oxygen via the intermediate triplet state were observed. The excitation spectra obtained while recording the phosphorescence at 1275 nm closely matched the absorption spectra with two bands: the Soret (or B) band near 410–420 nm and a split Q-band at 510–520 nm. Noticeable differences in the B/Q intensity ratio between the absorption and excitation spectra (for both phosphorescence and singlet oxygen luminescence) were determined, indicating different Sx → T1 pathways.

Insertion Trade-off Effects on the Spin-Transfer Torque Memory Explored by In Situ X-ray

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil K. Ramesh ◽  
Kuan-Ming Chen ◽  
Yi-Jan Lin ◽  
Pushpapraj Singh ◽  
Jeng-Hua Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
X Ray

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Opening images of synaptic vesicles and calcium localization by means of microwave fixation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
Vinci Mizuhira ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Microwave Fixation

Microwave irradiation (MWI) was applied to 0.3 to 1 cm3 blocks of rat central nervous system at 2.45 GHz/500W for about 20 sec in a fixative, at room temperature. Fixative composed of 2% paraformaldehyde, 0.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at pH 7.4, also contained 2 mM of CaCl2 , 1 mM of MgCl2, and 0.1% of tannic acid for conventional observation; and fuether 30-90 mM of potassium oxalate containing fixative was applied for the detection of calcium ion localization in cells. Tissue blocks were left in the same fixative for 30 to 180 min after MWI at room temperature, then proceeded to the sampling procedure, after postfixed with osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon. Ultrathin sections were double stained with an useal manner. Oxalate treated sections were devided in two, stained and unstained one. The later oxalate treated unstained sections were analyzed with electron probe X-ray microanalyzer, the EDAX-PU-9800, at 40 KV accelerating voltage for 100 to 200 sec with point or selected area analyzing methods.

Evidence for ordered Fe3Ni

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
K.B. Reuter ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.I. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Iron Meteorites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Temperature Transformation

In the Fe-Ni system, although ordered FeNi and ordered Ni3Fe are experimentally well established, direct evidence for ordered Fe3Ni is unconvincing. Little experimental data for Fe3Ni exists because diffusion is sluggish at temperatures below 400°C and because alloys containing less than 29 wt% Ni undergo a martensitic transformation at room temperature. Fe-Ni phases in iron meteorites were examined in this study because iron meteorites have cooled at slow rates of about 10°C/106 years, allowing phase transformations below 400°C to occur. One low temperature transformation product, called clear taenite 2 (CT2), was of particular interest because it contains less than 30 wtZ Ni and is not martensitic. Because CT2 is only a few microns in size, the structure and Ni content were determined through electron diffraction and x-ray microanalysis. A Philips EM400T operated at 120 kV, equipped with a Tracor Northern 2000 multichannel analyzer, was used.

Electron Microscope study of commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in BaZnGeO4

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamamoto ◽  
Makoto Kikuchi ◽  
Tooru Atake ◽  
Akihiro Hamano ◽  
Yasutoshi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Periodic Arrays ◽  
Modulation Wave Vector

BaZnGeO4 undergoes many phase transitions from I to V phase. The highest temperature phase I has a BaAl2O4 type structure with a hexagonal lattice. Recent X-ray diffraction study showed that the incommensurate (IC) lattice modulation appears along the c axis in the III and IV phases with a period of about 4c, and a commensurate (C) phase with a modulated period of 4c exists between the III and IV phases in the narrow temperature region (—58°C to —47°C on cooling), called the III' phase. The modulations in the IC phases are considered displacive type, but the detailed structures have not been studied. It is also not clear whether the modulation changes into periodic arrays of discommensurations (DC’s) near the III-III' and IV-V phase transition temperature as found in the ferroelectric materials such as Rb2ZnCl4.At room temperature (III phase) satellite reflections were seen around the fundamental reflections in a diffraction pattern (Fig.1) and they aligned along a certain direction deviated from the c* direction, which indicates that the modulation wave vector q tilts from the c* axis. The tilt angle is about 2 degree at room temperature and depends on temperature.

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