scholarly journals Abnormal cutaneous flexor reflex activity during controlled isometric plantarflexion in human spinal cord injury spasticity syndrome

Spinal Cord ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gómez-Soriano ◽  
E Bravo-Esteban ◽  
E Pérez-Rizo ◽  
G Ávila-Martín ◽  
I Galán-Arriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury

Rebound responses to prolonged flexor reflex stimuli in human spinal cord injury

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Jennifer H. Kahn ◽  
T. George Hornby ◽  
Brian D. Schmit
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury

Contribution of Muscle Afferents to Prolonged Flexion Withdrawal Reflexes in Human Spinal Cord Injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 3375-3384 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Hornby ◽  
V. M. Tysseling-Mattiace ◽  
E. N. Benz ◽  
B. D. Schmit
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Muscle Afferents ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Withdrawal Reflexes ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

The contribution of force-sensitive muscular afferents to prolonged flexion withdrawal reflexes, or flexor spasms, after human spinal cord injury (SCI) was investigated. In three separate experimental conditions, flexion reflexes were triggered in subjects with SCI using trains of electrocutaneous stimuli delivered at the foot and lower leg and compared with reflexes elicited via intramuscular (IM) electrical stimuli. In the first experiment, flexion reflexes were elicited using IM stimuli to the tibialis anterior (TA) in the majority of subjects tested. The ratio of peak isometric ankle to hip torques during IM-triggered reflexes were proportionally similar to those evoked by electrocutaneous foot or shank stimulation, although the latency to onset and peak flexion torques were significantly longer with IM stimulation. In the second experiments, the amplitude and frequency of IM TA stimulation were varied to alter the stimulus-induced muscle torque. Peak ankle and hip torques generated during the flexion reflex responses were correlated to a greater extent with stimulus-induced muscle torques as compared with the modulated stimulus parameters. In the third experimental series, IM stimuli delivered to the gastrocnemius (GS) elicited flexion reflexes in approximately half of the subjects tested. The combined data indicate a potentially prominent role of the stimulus-induced muscle contraction to the magnitude and latency of flexor reflex behaviors after IM TA stimulation. Results after IM GS stimulation indicate multi-joint flexion reflexes can also be elicited, although to a lesser extent than IM TA stimulation.

Flexor reflex responses triggered by imposed knee extension in chronic human spinal cord injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
T. George. Hornby ◽  
Jennifer H. Kahn ◽  
Brian D. Schmit
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Impaired Organization of Paired-Pulse TMS-Induced I-Waves After Human Spinal Cord Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2167-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cirillo ◽  
Finnegan J. Calabro ◽  
Monica A. Perez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury

The effects of methylprednisolone and the ganglioside GM1 on acute spinal cord injury in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo Constantini ◽  
Wise Young
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Ganglioside Gm1 ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Recent clinical trials have reported that methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) or the monosialic ganglioside GM1 improves neurological recovery in human spinal cord injury. Because GM1 may have additive or synergistic effects when used with MP, the authors compared MP, GM1, and MP+GM1 treatments in a graded rat spinal cord contusion model. Spinal cord injury was caused by dropping a rod weighing 10 gm from a height of 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 cm onto the rat spinal cord at T-10, which had been exposed via laminectomy. The lesion volumes were quantified from spinal cord Na and K shifts at 24 hours after injury and the results were verified histologically in separate experiments. A single dose of MP (30 mg/kg), given 5 minutes after injury, reduced 24-hour spinal cord lesion volumes by 56% (p = 0.0052), 28% (p = 0.0065), and 13% (p > 0.05) in the three injury-severity groups, respectively, compared to similarly injured control groups treated with vehicle only. Methylprednisolone also prevented injury-induced hyponatremia and increased body weight loss in the spine-injured rats. When used alone, GM1 (10 to 30 mg/kg) had little or no effect on any measured variable compared to vehicle controls; when given concomitantly with MP, GM1 blocked the neuroprotective effects of MP. At a dose of 3 mg/kg, GM1 partially prevented MP-induced reductions in lesion volumes, while 10 to 30 mg/kg of GM1 completely blocked these effects of MP. The effects of MP on injury-induced hyponatremia and body weight loss were also blocked by GM1. Thus, GM1 antagonized both central and peripheral effects of MP in spine-injured rats. Until this interaction is clarified, the authors recommend that MP and GM1 not be used concomitantly to treat acute human spinal cord injury. Because GM1 modulates protein kinase activity, protein kinases inhibit lipocortins, and lipocortins mediate anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids, it is proposed that the neuroprotective effects of MP are partially due to anti-inflammatory effects and that GM1 antagonizes the effects of MP by inhibiting lipocortin. Possible beneficial effects of GM1 reported in central nervous system injury may be related to the effects on neural recovery rather than acute injury processes.

scholarly journals Safety and Feasibility of Autologous Olfactory Ensheathing Cell and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Co-transplantation in Chronic Human Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Zamani ◽  
Mina Soufizomorrod ◽  
Saeed Oraee-Yazdani ◽  
Dariush Naviafar ◽  
Mohammadhosein Akhlaghpasand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cell ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Cell-based therapies are considered as promising strategies for spinal cord regeneration. However, a combinatorial cell therapeutic approach seems more beneficial as it can target various aspects of the injury. Here, we assessed the safety and feasibility of autologous mucosal Olfactory Ensheathing Cell (OEC) and bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) co-transplantation in patients with chronic, complete (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification A) Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Three patients with the traumatic SCI of the thoracic level were enrolled. They received autologous OEC and MSC combination through the lumbar puncture. All adverse events and possible functional outcomes were documented performing pre- and post-operative general clinical examination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), neurological assessment based on the International Standard of Neurological Classification for SCI (ISNCSCI), and functional evaluation using Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM III). No serious safety issue was recorded during the two years of follow-up. MRI findings remained unchanged with no neoplastic tissue formation. ASIA impairment scale improved from A to B in one of the participants. SCIM III evaluation also showed some degrees of progress in this patient's quality of life. The two other patients had negligible or no improvement in their sensory scores without any changes in the ASIA impairment scale and SCIM III scores. No motor recovery was observed in any of the participants. Overall, this two-year trial was not associated with any adverse findings, which may suggest the safety of autologous OEC and bone marrow MSC combination for the treatment of human SCI.This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT registration number: IRCT20160110025930N2/ registration date: 2018-09-29).

scholarly journals Motoneuron Death after Human Spinal Cord Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Grumbles ◽  
Christine K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury
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