scholarly journals Intrauterine growth restriction: impact on cardiovascular development and function throughout infancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Cohen ◽  
Flora Y. Wong ◽  
Rosemary S.C. Horne ◽  
Stephanie R. Yiallourou
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Cardiac left heart morphology and function in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction: relevance for long-term assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Gabriela Corina Zaharie ◽  
Monica Hasmasanu ◽  
Ligia Blaga ◽  
Melinda Matyas ◽  
Daniel Muresan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Cardiac Adaptation ◽  
And Function

Aim: To asses the cardiac morphology and functional changes specific for newborns from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies.Material and method: A cohort of IUGR infants were evaluated by serial echocardiographies at delivery and at the first and six months follow-ups. IUGR newborn delivery status was compared to that of newborns in the control group according to gestational age (AGA).Results: Left heart measurements were significantly lower in IUGR newborns compared to AGA babies. Left ventricular size increased at follow-up inthe IUGR group (p<0.05). Systolic dysfunction (the myocardial performance index (MPI)> 0.47) was identified in 40% of the neonates in the IUGR group (16/40), respectively 4.76% in the control group. IUGR neonates had a significantly increased proportion of systolic malfunction (p=0.004).Conclusion: IUGR patients had reduced left ventricle dimensions compared to AGA babies. The MPI stands out as a marker of leftheart function in newborns. Systolic dysfunction was a hallmark of the cardiac adaptation in IUGR neonates. 

73 INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION AFTER BETWEEN-BREED EMBRYO TRANSFER IS ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG ALTERATIONS IN PLACENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HORSES

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
P. Peugnet ◽  
S. Valentino ◽  
A. Tarrade ◽  
L. Wimel ◽  
F. Reigner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
And Function

In equids, placentation is diffuse and the nutrient supply to the fetus is determined by uterine size, which is correlated with maternal size. The size of the mare affects fetal development as shown by embryo transfer (ET) between Ponies and Thoroughbreds. In turn, insulin sensitivity in the newborn foal and subsequent postnatal growth rate are affected. We enhanced or restricted fetal growth through ET using Pony (P), Saddlebred (S), and Draft (D) horses and investigated placental morphology, structure, and function at term. Control pregnancies of P-P (n = 21), S-S (n = 28), and D-D (n = 8) were obtained by AI. Enhanced and restricted pregnancies were obtained by transferring P (P-D, n = 6) and S embryos (S-D, n = 8) into D mares or S embryos into P mares (S-P, n = 6), respectively. Placental weight and surface were recorded at delivery. Samples were collected for stereology and RT-qPCR analysis of expression of genes involved in placental growth, vascularization, and nutrient transport. Housekeeping genes were RPL32, SCAMP3, and B2M. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's post hoc test. Placental weight and surface were increased in S-S and in D-D compared with P-P, whereas S-S and D-D were not different. No histological changes were observed among controls, but most genes had their expression decreased in P-P compared with S-S and D-D. The P-D foals had a 57% increased birthweight with heavier and larger placentas than P-P foals. The S-D foals were similar to both S-S and D-D in terms of birthweight and placental weight and surface. No major modifications in placental histology or transcript levels were observed in both enhanced groups. In contrast, S-P foals had a 37% decreased birthweight with lighter and smaller placentas compared with S-S and S-D foals. There was no gross histological difference between S-P and S-S but the microcotyledonary surface density was higher in S-P compared with S-D. Moreover, the expression of IGF2, IGF2R, SLC2A1, and eNOS was decreased in S-P compared with S-S. There was no difference in gene expression between S-P and P-P. In conclusion, intrauterine growth restriction led to marked changes in placental morphology, histology, and gene expression. The increased microcotyledonary surface density suggests a lengthening of villi, which could increase feto-maternal contact surface as a compensatory mechanism for the restricted uterine capacity. Surprisingly, placental adaptation to the restricted intrauterine environment in S-P induced gene profiles resembling that of control P, whereas no difference was observed in enhanced pregnancies.

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