scholarly journals Umbilical uptakes and transplacental concentration ratios of amino acids in severe fetal growth restriction

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R.H. Regnault ◽  
Barbra de Vrijer ◽  
Henry L. Galan ◽  
Randall B. Wilkening ◽  
Frederick C. Battaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Concentration Ratios

scholarly journals Impairments of placental amino acid metabolism in fetal growth restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Pogorelova ◽  
V.O. Gunko ◽  
V.V. Avrutskaya ◽  
L.V. Kaushanskaya ◽  
O.A. Durnitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Growth Restriction

The content of the amino acids in the placenta during physiological pregnancy and fetal growth restriction (FGR) has been investigated my means of the method of ion-exchange chromatography. It has been found that in FGR the placental amino acid pool is characterized by a decreased content of arginine, proline, alanine, serine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, threonine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine and an increased content of dicarboxylic amino acids, lysine, histidine and glycine. These changes are accompanied by altered activity of some enzymes of amino acid metabolism, and the degree of these changes correlates with the level of corresponding amino acids.

scholarly journals Maternal intermittent fasting during pregnancy induces fetal growth restriction and downregulated placental system A amino acid transport in the rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Alkhalefah ◽  
Warwick Dunn ◽  
James W Allwood ◽  
Kate L Parry ◽  
Franchesca Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
System A

During Ramadan, many pregnant Muslim women fast between dawn and sunset. Although the impacts of prolonged maternal intermittent fasting (IF) on fetal growth and placental function are under-researched, reported effects include reduced placental weight and birth weight. In this study, pregnant Wistar rats were used to model repeated cycles of IF on fetal development and placental function and to examine sex-specific effects. In the IF group, food was withdrawn daily from 17:00 to 09:00 over 21 days of gestation, while the control group received food ad libitum. Both groups had free water access. IF dams consumed less food, had significantly reduced weight compared to controls, with reduced plasma glucose and amino acids. Both fetal sexes were significantly lighter in the IF group, with reduced fetal plasma amino acids. Placental weights and morphology were unchanged. The profile of placental metabolites was altered in the IF group with sex-specific responses evident. Transplacental flux of 14C-methylaminoisobutyric acid (14C-MeAIB), a system A amino acid transporter substrate, was significantly reduced in both fetal sexes in the IF group. Sodium-dependent 14C-MeAIB uptake into isolated placental plasma membrane vesicles was unchanged. The gene expression of system A transporter Slc38a1, Slc38a2 and Slc38a4 was upregulated in IF male placentas only. No changes were observed in placental SNAT1 and SNAT2 protein expression. Maternal IF results in detrimental impacts on maternal physiology and fetal development, with changes in the placental and fetal metabolite profiles. Reduced placental system A transporter activity may be responsible for fetal growth restriction in both sexes.

scholarly journals Human placental uptake of glutamine and glutamate is reduced in fetal growth restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty R. McIntyre ◽  
Kirsty M. M. Vincent ◽  
Christina E. Hayward ◽  
Xiaojia Li ◽  
Colin P. Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Growth Restriction

Abstract Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant risk factor for stillbirth, neonatal complications and adulthood morbidity. Compared with those of appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA), FGR babies have smaller placentas with reduced activity of amino acid transporter systems A and L, thought to contribute to poor fetal growth. The amino acids glutamine and glutamate are essential for normal placental function and fetal development; whether transport of these is altered in FGR is unknown. We hypothesised that FGR is associated with reduced placental glutamine and glutamate transporter activity and expression, and propose the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as a candidate mechanism. FGR infants [individualised birth weight ratio (IBR) < 5th centile] had lighter placentas, reduced initial rate uptake of 14C-glutamine and 14C-glutamate (per mg placental protein) but higher expression of key transporter proteins (glutamine: LAT1, LAT2, SNAT5, glutamate: EAAT1) versus AGA [IBR 20th–80th]. In further experiments, in vitro exposure to rapamycin inhibited placental glutamine and glutamate uptake (24 h, uncomplicated pregnancies) indicating a role of mTOR in regulating placental transport of these amino acids. These data support our hypothesis and suggest that abnormal glutamine and glutamate transporter activity is part of the spectrum of placental dysfunction in FGR.

FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION WITH EARLY AND LATE MANIFESTATION, PROGNOSTIC MARKERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Yakubova D.I.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Manifestation ◽  
Late Form ◽  
Early Manifestation

Objective of the study: Comprehensive assessment of risk factors, the implementation of which leads to FGR with early and late manifestation. To evaluate the results of the first prenatal screening: PAPP-A, B-hCG, made at 11-13 weeks. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study included 110 pregnant women. There were 48 pregnant women with early manifestation of fetal growth restriction, 62 pregnant women with late manifestation among them. Results of the study: The risk factors for the formation of the FGR are established. Statistically significant differences in the indicators between groups were not established in the analyses of structures of extragenital pathology. According to I prenatal screening, there were no statistical differences in levels (PAPP-A, b-hCG) in the early and late form of FGR.

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION - A REVIEW ARTICLE

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Minh Son Pham ◽  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Vinh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
No Gold Standard

Small for gestational age (SGA) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is difficult to define exactly. In this pregnancy condition, the fetus does not reach its biological growth potential as a consequence of impaired placental function, which may be because of a variety of factors. Fetuses with FGR are at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality, and poor long-term health outcomes, such as impaired neurological and cognitive development, and cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in adulthood. At present no gold standard for the diagnosis of SGA/FGR exists. The first aim of this review is to: summarize areas of consensus and controversy between recently published national guidelines on small for gestational age or fetal growth restriction; highlight any recent evidence that should be incorporated into existing guidelines. Another aim to summary a number of interventions which are being developed or coming through to clinical trial in an attempt to improve fetal growth in placental insufficiency. Key words: fetal growth restriction (FGR), Small for gestational age (SGA)

The secrets of placental mosaicism: clinical observation of the full form of confined placental trisomy 22 and literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Komarova, A.A. Nikiforenko, A.V. Fedunyak
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Placental Mosaicism ◽  
In Pregnancy

Literature reports of placental mosaicism, including trisomy 22, were analyzed. The chance of correlation of placental aneuploidy with fetus aneuploidy, also the probability of complications in pregnancy and fetal growth restriction and postnatal patients growth in the cases of confined placental mosaicism, were demonstrated. The case of prenatal diagnosis of confined placental mosaicism of trisomy 22 with favorable outcome is presented. The necessity of cytogenic assay of amniocytes and fetal lymphocytes in the case of placental heteroploidy diagnosis was emphasized.

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