scholarly journals Preferences Predict Food Intake From 5 to 11 Years, but Not in Girls With Higher Weight Concerns, Dietary Restraint, and %Body Fat

Obesity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2190-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Y. Rollins ◽  
Eric Loken ◽  
Leann L. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Weight Concerns

Loss of body fat in lean parabiotic partners of ob/ob mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. R1809-R1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Leptin Expression

The objective of this experiment was to confirm whether changes in serum leptin and leptin expression were consistent with it being the "lipostatic" factor implicated by earlier parabiosis studies. Lean (+/?) and obese (ob/ob) female C57B1/6J-ob mice were parabiosed (lean-ob/ob) at 7 wk of age. Controls were ob/ob-ob/ob and lean-lean pairs, and single lean and ob/ob mice. Pairs were maintained for 50 days. In ob/ob members of lean-ob/ob pairs serum insulin was normalized, food intake was suppressed, and body fat was reduced by 14%. Lean partners of ob/ob mice had a reduced rectal temperature and experienced a 37% reduction in body fat. Despite loss of fat, serum leptin and adipose leptin mRNA expression were unchanged in lean partners of ob/ob mice. These results suggest that, in lean-ob/ob parabiotic pairs, the ob/ob mouse responds to leptin originating in the lean parabiont, whereas the lean partner responds to a circulating signal, originating in the ob/ob mouse, that maintains leptin expression at inappropriate levels for the degree of adiposity of the lean animal.

Protein appetite is increased after central leptin-induced fat depletion

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1468-R1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wiater ◽  
Bryan D. Hudson ◽  
Yvette Virgin ◽  
Sue Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nadir Point ◽  
And Control

Leptin reduces body fat selectively, sparing body protein. Accordingly, during chronic leptin administration, food intake is suppressed, and body weight is reduced until body fat is depleted. Body weight then stabilizes at this fat-depleted nadir, while food intake returns to normal caloric levels, presumably in defense of energy and nutritional homeostasis. This model of leptin treatment offers the opportunity to examine controls of food intake that are independent of leptin's actions, and provides a window for examining the nature of feeding controls in a “fatless” animal. Here we evaluate macronutrient selection during this fat-depleted phase of leptin treatment. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on standard pelleted rodent chow and given daily lateral ventricular injections of leptin or vehicle solution until body weight reached the nadir point and food intake returned to normal levels. Injections were then continued for 8 days, during which rats self-selected their daily diet from separate sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Macronutrient choice differed profoundly in leptin and control rats. Leptin rats exhibited a dramatic increase in protein intake, whereas controls exhibited a strong carbohydrate preference. Fat intake did not differ between groups at any time during the 8-day test. Despite these dramatic differences in macronutrient selection, total daily caloric intake did not differ between groups except on day 2. Thus controls of food intake related to ongoing metabolic and nutritional requirements may supersede the negative feedback signals related to body fat stores.

Influence of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate on Food Intake, Body Weight and Body Fat of Adult Dogs

1978 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Romsos ◽  
M. J. Hornshuh ◽  
G. A. Leveille
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat

Serum leptin levels and energy expenditure in normal weight women

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Martin ◽  
PJH Jones ◽  
R V Considine ◽  
W Su ◽  
N F Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Humans

To investigate whether circulating leptin levels are associated with energy expenditure in healthy humans, doubly labeled water energy measurements and food intake assessment were carried out in 27 women (mean age, 48.6 years; weight, 61.9 kg; body mass index, 23.2). Energy expenditure was determined over 13 days. Food intake was measured by 7-day food records. Leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Leptin level was strongly associated with percentage body fat (r = 0.59; p < 0.001), fat mass (r = 0.60; p < 0.001), and body mass index (r = 0.41; p = 0.03), but no correlation was observed with energy expenditure (r = 0.02; p = 0.93). After controlling for percentage body fat, a positive association of leptin level with energy expenditure of marginal significance (p = 0.06) was observed. There were no significant univariate associations of age, physical activity, lean body mass, height, or dietary variables with leptin level. When controlling for body fat, a significant positive correlation was observed for percent energy from carbohydrate and negative correlations with dietary fat and alcohol intake. These findings confirm previous associations between leptin and body fat content and suggest a relationship between serum leptin and energy expenditure level in healthy humans.Key words: leptin, energy expenditure, body composition, diet.

Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on development of obesity in the Zucker obese rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. E72-E78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Greenwood ◽  
M. P. Cleary ◽  
R. Gruen ◽  
D. Blase ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Obese Rats

Young Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) female rats were fed the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (-)-hydroxy-citrate as a dietary admixture for 39 days. In the lean rats, (-)-hydroxycitrate treatment decreased body weight, food intake, percent of body fat, and fat cell size. In the obese rat, food intake and body weight were reduced but the percent of body fat remained unchanged. Throughout the treatment period, obese rats maintained a fat cell size equivalent to their obese controls. Although a reduction in fat cell number in the obese rats occurred during the treatment period, marked hyperplasia was observed during the posttreatment period. The results of this study indicate that the obese rat, despite a substantial reduction in body weight produced by (-)-hydroxycitrate, still defends its obese body composition.

A note on the relation between weights of alimentary tract contents, body fat and the uterus in Blackface ewes

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Z. Foot ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Physical Restriction ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYThe relation between the weight of the alimentary tract contents and the weights of body fat and the uterus was examined in 23 Blackface ewes. Six ewes were not pregnant, five had single foetuses and 12 had twins. The pregnant ewes were slaughtered three or four days before their expected lambing date. There was a negative relation between uterine weight or body fat weight and the weight of alimentary tract contents. The effect of uterine weight was small and not significant when only the pregnant animals were considered. It was unlikely that physical restriction of the alimentary tract by the uterus played more than a minor role in limiting voluntary food intake under the conditions of this experiment.

scholarly journals 2066

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Staiano ◽  
Corby K. Martin ◽  
Jennifer C. Rood ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Body Composition Change

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The majority of obese adults do not become obese until adulthood. Although adults spend the equivalent of a 40-hour work week in front of the television (TV), there are mixed data on whether the sedentary behavior of TV viewing is linked with weight gain during adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among sedentary behavior, measured as TV viewing and TV in the bedroom, with eating behavior, eating attitudes and cravings, fat gain, and blood pressure in healthy young adults over a 2-year period. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The sample included 73 healthy, nonobese adults (56% women, 80% white) who were 26.8±4.5 years of age with a body mass index of 22.9±2.4 kg/m2. Participants completed clinic visits at baseline and 2-years later (Year 2) which assessed weight, height, blood pressure, waist circumference, and total body fat measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate dietary intake, and the eating inventory was used to assess dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger. At baseline, participants self-reported TV habits including number of hours/week of watching TV (including cable, VCR, DVD) and presence of a TV in the bedroom. For the analysis, participants were stratified by quartiles of TV viewing time. T tests were used to examine the association between TV viewing and bedroom TV. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between TV viewing and each anthropometric and body composition measure and change over the 2-year period, as well as with the dietary constructs. Models controlled for age, sex, and baseline body fat. Separate models were used to investigate the associations between bedroom TV and the same dependent variables. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants reported an average of 13.3±10.8 hours/week of TV viewing, with 33.3% reporting a TV in the bedroom. There were no differences in age, sex, or race among the quartiles of TV viewing or between those who did and did not have a bedroom TV. Adults with a bedroom TV did not differ in hours/week of TV viewing compared with those without a bedroom TV. Amount of TV viewing was associated with higher systolic blood pressure at baseline (p=0.05) but with no other anthropometric or body composition indices nor with change in body composition over the 2-year period. Adults with a bedroom TV reported higher craving for sweets at baseline (p=0.03). Amount of TV viewing was related to lower consumption of vegetables (p=0.04) and fruit or fruit juice (p=0.03) at Year 2, but there was no association with total calorie consumption. TV viewing and bedroom TV were not related to dietary restraint, disinhibition, or hunger at either time point. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Adults who watched more TV consumed fewer fruits and vegetables, and those with a TV in the bedroom reported higher craving for sweets. Though there were no observed relationships between TV habits and body composition change, the associations with cravings and food consumption warrant further exploration. Querying young adults’ TV and media use habits in clinical settings may alert physicians to those at risk of developing poor dietary habits.

Effects of food intake and food cue exposure on body and weight satisfaction: The moderating role of body mass index (BMI) and dietary restraint

Appetite ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
P. Lattimore ◽  
A. Roefs ◽  
A. Jansen ◽  
A.-K Fett ◽  
N. Geschwind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Weight Satisfaction ◽  
Moderating Role

Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. R1172-R1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. DeLany ◽  
Fawn Blohm ◽  
Alycia A. Truett ◽  
Joseph A. Scimeca ◽  
David B. West
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has effects on body fat accumulation. In our previous work, CLA reduced body fat accumulation in mice fed either a high-fat or low-fat diet. Although CLA feeding reduced energy intake, the results suggested that some of the metabolic effects were not a consequence of the reduced food intake. We therefore undertook a study to determine a dose of CLA that would have effects on body composition without affecting energy intake. Five doses of CLA (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% by weight) were studied in AKR/J male mice ( n = 12/group; age, 39 days) maintained on a high-fat diet (%fat 45 kcal). Energy intake was not suppressed by any CLA dose. Body fat was significantly lower in the 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% CLA groups compared with controls. The retroperitoneal depot was most sensitive to the effects of CLA, whereas the epididymal depot was relatively resistant. Higher doses of CLA also significantly increased carcass protein content. A time-course study of the effects of 1% CLA on body composition showed reductions in fat pad weights within 2 wk and continued throughout 12 wk of CLA feeding. In conclusion, CLA feeding produces a rapid, marked decrease in fat accumulation, and an increase in protein accumulation, at relatively low doses without any major effects on food intake.

Diminished satiation in rats exposed to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous cholecystokinin

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. R331-R337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Covasa ◽  
Jeremy K. Marcuson ◽  
Robert C. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Osmotic Minipumps ◽  
Fat Composition

Rats maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet exhibit reduced sensitivity to the satiation-producing effect of exogenous CCK. Because more CCK is released in response to HF meals than low-fat (LF) meals, we hypothesized that increased circulating CCK associated with ingestion of HF diets contributes to the development of decreased CCK sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we implanted osmotic minipumps filled with either NaCl or CCK octapeptide into the peritoneal cavity. Subsequently, we examined the effect of intraperitoneal NaCl or CCK (0.5 μg/kg) injection on 30-min food intake. CCK significantly reduced 30-min food intake less in rats implanted with CCK-releasing minipumps compared with those with NaCl-releasing minipumps. Because dietary protein is a potent releaser of endogenous CCK, we hypothesized that rats adapted to a high-protein (HP) diet might also exhibit reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK. Therefore, in a second experiment, we examined CCK-induced reduction of food intake in rats maintained on LF and rats maintained on HF or HP. Ingestion of LF stimulates very little endogenous CCK secretion, whereas both HF and HP markedly increase plasma CCK concentrations. Both doses of CCK reduced food intake significantly less in HF and HP rats compared with LF rats. There were no differences in 24-h food intake, body weight, or body fat composition among LF-, HF-, and HP-fed rats. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sustained elevation of CCK either by infusion of exogenous CCK or by dietary-induced elevation of plasma CCK contributes to the development of reduced sensitivity to exogenous CCK.

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