Identity crisis for adult periventricular neural stem cells: subventricular zone astrocytes, ependymal cells or both?

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Chojnacki ◽  
Gloria K. Mak ◽  
Samuel Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Ependymal Cells

scholarly journals Fractone bulbs derive from ependymal cells and their laminin composition influence the stem cell niche in the subventricular zone

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Assis Nascimento ◽  
Lydia Sorokin ◽  
Tatiana Coelho-Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Cell Niche

AbstractFractones are extracellular matrix structures in the neural stem cell niche of the subventricular zone (SVZ), where they appear as round deposits named bulbs or thin branching lines called stems. Their cellular origin and what determines their localization at this site is poorly studied and it remains unclear whether they influence neural stem and progenitor cells formation, proliferation and/or maintenance. To address these questions, we analyzed whole mount preparations of the lateral ventricle by confocal microscopy using different extracellular matrix and cell markers. We found that bulbs are rarely connected to stems and that they contain laminin α5 and α2 chains, respectively. Fractone bulbs were profusely distributed throughout the SVZ and appeared associated with the center of pinwheels, a critical site for adult neurogenesis. We demonstrate that bulbs appear at the apical membrane of ependymal cells at the end of the first week after birth. The use of transgenic mice lacking laminin α5 gene expression (Lama5) in endothelium and in FoxJ1-expressing ependymal cells, revealed ependymal cells as the source of laminin α5-containing fractone bulbs. Loss of laminin α5 from bulbs correlated with a 60% increase in cell proliferation, as determined by PH3 staining, and with a selective reduction in the number of quiescent neural stem cells in the SVZ. These results indicate that fractones are a key component of the SVZ and suggest that laminin α5 modulates the physiology of the neural stem cell niche.Significance StatementOur work unveils key aspects of fractones, extracellular matrix structures present in the SVZ that still lack a comprehensive characterization. We show that fractones extensively interact with neural stem cells, whereas some of them are located precisely at pinwheel centers, which are hotspots for adult neurogenesis. Our results also demonstrate that fractones increase in size during aging and that their interactions with NSPCs become more complex in old mice. Lastly, we show that fractone bulbs are produced by ependymal cells and that their laminin content regulates neural stem cells.

CD133 Is Not Present on Neurogenic Astrocytes in the Adult Subventricular Zone, but on Embryonic Neural Stem Cells, Ependymal Cells, and Glioblastoma Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5727-5736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosima V. Pfenninger ◽  
Teona Roschupkina ◽  
Falk Hertwig ◽  
Denise Kottwitz ◽  
Elisabet Englund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells

Reversal of chlorpyrifos neurobehavioral teratogenicity in mice by allographic transplantation of adult subventricular zone-derived neural stem cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadi Turgeman ◽  
Adi Pinkas ◽  
Theodore A. Slotkin ◽  
Matanel Tfilin ◽  
Rachel Langford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Subventricular Zone

Physical exercise rescues defective neural stem cells and neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone of Btg1 knockout mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mastrorilli ◽  
Chiara Scopa ◽  
Daniele Saraulli ◽  
Marco Costanzi ◽  
Raffaella Scardigli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Subventricular Zone

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on the ketamine-induced disruption of the proliferation and differentiation of developing neural stem cells in the subventricular zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Sha ◽  
Peipei Peng ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Guohua Wei ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Pediatric Anesthesia ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia ◽  
Β Tubulin

Abstract Background: Recently, the number of neonatal patients receiving surgery under general anesthesia has increased. Ketamine disrupts the proliferation and differentiation of developing neural stem cells (NSCs). Therefore, the safe use of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia has been an issue of increasing concern among anesthesiologists and the children’s parents. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used in sedation, as an antianxiety agent and for analgesia. DEX has recently been shown to provide neuroprotection against anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate whether DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) following neonatal ketamine exposure. Methods: Postnatal day 7 (PND-7) male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into the following 5 groups: Control group (n=8), Ketamine group (n=8), 1 μg/kg DEX+Ketamine group (n=8), 5 μg/kg DEX+Ketamine group (n=8) and 10 μg/kg DEX+Ketamine group (n=8). The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ were assessed using immunostaining with BrdU incorporation. The levels of Nestin and β-tubulin III in the SVZ were measured using Western blot analyses. Apoptosis was assessed by detecting the levels of the cleaved caspase-3 protein using Western blotting. Results: Neonatal ketamine exposure significantly inhibited NSC proliferation and astrocytic differentiation in the SVZ, and neuronal differentiation was markedly increased. Furthermore, pretreatment with moderate (5 μg/kg) or high doses (10 μg/kg) of DEX reversed the ketamine-induced disturbances in the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Meanwhile, neonatal ketamine exposure significantly decreased the expression of Nestin and increased the expression of β-tubulin III in the SVZ compared with the Control group. Treatment with 10 μg/kg DEX notably reversed the ketamine-induced changes in the levels of Nestin and β-tubulin III. In addition, a pretreatment with 10 μg/kg DEX before ketamine anesthesia prevented apoptosis in the SVZ induced by neonatal ketamine exposure. Conclusions: Based on our findings, DEX may exert neuroprotective effects on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal rats in a repeated ketamine anesthesia model.

scholarly journals Egr-1 is a Critical Regulator of EGF-Receptor-Mediated Expansion of Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cells and Progenitors During Recovery from Hypoxia–Hypoglycemia

ASN NEURO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. AN20120032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhivyaa Alagappan ◽  
Murugabaskar Balan ◽  
Yuhui Jiang ◽  
Rachel B. Cohen ◽  
Sergei V. Kotenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Egf Receptor

scholarly journals Differentiation Induction as a Response to Irradiation in Neural Stem Cells In Vitro

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Konířová ◽  
Lukáš Cupal ◽  
Šárka Jarošová ◽  
Anna Michaelidesová ◽  
Jana Vachelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induction Of Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Populations ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline

Radiotherapy plays a significant role in brain cancer treatment; however, the use of this therapy is often accompanied by neurocognitive decline that is, at least partially, a consequence of radiation-induced damage to neural stem cell populations. Our findings describe features that define the response of neural stem cells (NSCs) to ionizing radiation. We investigated the effects of irradiation on neural stem cells isolated from the ventricular-subventricular zone of mouse brain and cultivated in vitro. Our findings describe the increased transcriptional activity of p53 targets and proliferative arrest after irradiation. Moreover, we show that most cells do not undergo apoptosis after irradiation but rather cease proliferation and start a differentiation program. Induction of differentiation and the demonstrated potential of irradiated cells to differentiate into neurons may represent a mechanism whereby damaged NSCs eliminate potentially hazardous cells and circumvent the debilitating consequences of cumulative DNA damage.

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone are Resilient to Hypoxia/Ischemia whereas Progenitors are Vulnerable

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 814-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Romanko ◽  
Raymond P. Rothstein ◽  
Steven W. Levison
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Dying Cells

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) brain injury remains a major cause of neurologic disability. Because we have previously demonstrated that this insult depletes cells from the subventricular zone (SVZ), the goal of the present investigation was to compare the relative vulnerability to H/I of neural stem cells versus progenitors. The dorsolateral SVZs of P6 rats were examined at 2 to 48 hours of recovery from H/I using hematoxylin and eosin, in situ end labeling (ISEL), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Pyknotic nuclei and ISEL+ cells were observed by 4 hours of recovery, peaked at 12 hours, and persisted for at least 48 hours. Many active-caspase3+ cells were observed at 12 hours and they comprised one third of the total TUNEL+ population. Electron microscopy revealed that hybrid cell deaths predominated at 12 hours of recovery. Importantly, few dying cells were observed in the medial SVZ, where putative stem cells reside, and no nestin+ medial SVZ cells showed caspase-3 activation. By contrast, active-caspase-3+/PSA-NCAM+ progenitors were prominent in the lateral SVZ. These data demonstrate that early progenitors are vulnerable to H/I, whereas neural stem cells are resilient. The demise of these early progenitors may lead to the depletion of neuronal and late oligodendrocyte progenitors, contributing to cerebral dysgenesis after perinatal insults.

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