scholarly journals Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Durante ◽  
Francis A. Cucinotta
1998 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilson ◽  
F. A. Cucinotta ◽  
J. Miller ◽  
J. L. Shinn ◽  
S. A. Thibeault ◽  
...  

AbstractOne major obstacle to human space exploration is the possible limitations imposed by the adverse effects of long-term exposure to the space environment. Even before human spaceflight began, the potentially brief exposure of astronauts to the very intense random solar energetic particle (SEP) events was of great concern. A new challenge appears in deep space exploration from exposure to the low-intensity heavy-ion flux of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) since the missions are of long duration and the accumulated exposures can be high. Because cancer induction rates increase behind low to rather large thickness of aluminum shielding according to available biological data on mammalian exposures to GCR like ions, the shield requirements for a Mars mission are prohibitively expensive in terms of mission launch costs. Preliminary studies indicate that materials with high hydrogen content and low atomic number constituents are most efficient in protecting the astronauts. This occurs for two reasons: the hydrogen is efficient in breaking up the heavy GCR ions into smaller less damaging fragments and the light constituents produce few secondary radiations (especially few biologically damaging neutrons). An overview of the materials related issues and their impact on human space exploration will be given.


Human space exploration has historically provided a great many people with a positive vision of the future. At this time, society faces many 21st century problems (global warming, sea level rise, etc.) and could use some of that vision. The economic state of the nations that historically paid for this exploration does not currently allow for a large and expensive new space initiative, like Apollo to the Moon or a trip to Mars. Nevertheless, there have been great strides in computing and resulting social media. Could a very large number of dedicated people self-organize into a grassroots human space program? This story envisions such a movement and the lessons today's students could learn from the attempt.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 3205-3209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Sergio Ferreira Santos ◽  
Aaron Craig Noell ◽  
Maria Fernanda Mora

Electrophoretic methods for monitoring water quality in future human space exploration vehicle/habitats.


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