scholarly journals Differential Effects of an NR2B NAM and Ketamine on Synaptic Potentiation and Gamma Synchrony: Relevance to Rapid-Onset Antidepressant Efficacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1486-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Nagy ◽  
Milan Stoiljkovic ◽  
Frank S Menniti ◽  
Mihály Hajós
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Synaptic Potentiation ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Gamma Synchrony

scholarly journals Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Therapies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashkim Kadriu ◽  
Subha Subramanian ◽  
Zhi-De Deng ◽  
Ioline D. Henter ◽  
Lawrence T. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Neural Signaling

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating illness and closely linked to suicide risk. Currently available antidepressants take weeks to work and have low remission rates; indeed, about a third of individuals with MDD fail to fully remit in response to these agents. Novel therapies that target the glutamatergic system—such as ketamine—offer rapid antidepressant effects as well as high remission rates, making them attractive therapeutic options. This chapter reviews the evidence for the antidepressant efficacy of several novel therapeutics, including ketamine, esketamine, nitrous oxide, scopolamine, GLYX-13, and buprenorphine, as well as interventional techniques such as sleep deprivation. Notably, ketamine and esketamine also rapidly reduce suicidal thoughts, making them attractive solutions in an emergency setting. Because studying the rapid onset of antidepressant effects associated with these agents has also improved our understanding of the neurocircuitry and neural signaling systems underlying MDD, some pivotal drug trials using rodents, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Distinct Neuropsychological Mechanisms May Explain Delayed- Versus Rapid-Onset Antidepressant Efficacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2165-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Stuart ◽  
Paul Butler ◽  
Marcus R Munafò ◽  
David J Nutt ◽  
Emma SJ Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Neuropsychological Mechanisms

Pharmacotherapeutic profile of venlafaxine

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (S4) ◽  
pp. 285s-294s ◽  
Author(s):  
S Preskorn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
Sustained Release Formulation ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Augmentation Strategy

SummaryWhen selecting an antidepressant, a number of factors must be considered. These considerations are summarized under the mnemonic STEPS: Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy, Payment (eg, cost-effectiveness), and Simplicity of use. Venlafaxine is the first of a new class of antidepressants that selectively blocks the serotonin and noradrenaline uptake pumps without blocking muscarinic, histaminergic and adrenergic receptors or inhibiting sodium fast channels. Because venlafaxine avoids these mechanisms of action, it has a wide therapeutic index, an improved tolerability profile and a reduced risk of causing pharmacodynamically mediated drug-drug interactions when compared to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). In contrast to some other new antidepressants, venlafaxine also avoids effects on cytochrome P450 which are likely to cause clinically meaningful, pharmacokinetically mediated drug-drug interactions. The effects on the uptake pumps of both serotonin and noradrenaline appear to be responsible for some of venlafaxine's unique features in terms of antidepressant efficacy, including its ascending antidepressant dose-response curve and its apparent rapid onset of antidepressant action at the upper end of its clinically relevant dosing range. Venlafaxine is effective in a broad spectrum of patients, including outpatients and inpatients, those with and without melancholia, patients with symptoms of anxiety or agitation or retardation and patients with first time or recurrent episodes of major depression. An important factor when selecting an antidepressant is the simplicity of the dosing regimen and the ability to rapidly and confidently achieve the optimal dose for the patient. In this regard, venlafaxine can be initiated at a clinically effective dose from the beginning. If the patient fails to respond to this dose, there is evidence that increased antidepressant efficacy can be achieved by increasing the dose rather than having to resort to an augmentation strategy or switch to another class of antidepressants. In the immediate release form, venlafaxine has proven antidepressant efficacy when using a twice-or three-times-a-day schedule. A sustained release formulation is expected to be marketed soon and will permit once-a-day-dosing.

Rapid-Acting Antidepressants

Depression ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 218-240
Author(s):  
Bashkim Kadriu ◽  
Subha Subramanian ◽  
Zhi-De Deng ◽  
Ioline D. Henter ◽  
Lawrence T. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Neural Signaling

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating illness and closely linked to suicide risk. Currently available antidepressants take weeks to work and have low remission rates; indeed, about a third of individuals with MDD fail to fully remit in response to these agents. Novel therapies that target the glutamatergic system, such as ketamine, offer rapid antidepressant effects as well as high remission rates, making them attractive therapeutic options. This chapter reviews the evidence for the antidepressant efficacy of several novel therapeutics (ketamine, esketamine, nitrous oxide, scopolamine, GLYX-13, and buprenorphine) as well as interventional techniques such as sleep deprivation. Notably, ketamine and esketamine also rapidly reduce suicidal thoughts, making them attractive solutions in an emergency setting. Because studying the rapid onset of antidepressant effects associated with these agents has also improved our understanding of the neurocircuitry and neural signaling systems underlying MDD, some pivotal drug trials using rodents, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies are also reviewed.

Differential effects of bismuth sub-salicylate (BSS) in acute non-cholera watery diarrhea in Bangladeshi children

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A215-A215
Author(s):  
P BARDHAN ◽  
S HUQ ◽  
S SARKER ◽  
D MAHALANABIS ◽  
K GYR
Keyword(s):  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Differential Effects

CCK-1 and CCK-2 receptors mediate differential effects of cholecystokinin on the motor activity of distal colon

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A173-A174
Author(s):  
F BASCHIERA ◽  
C BLANDIZZI ◽  
M FOMAI ◽  
M TACCA
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Differential Effects
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