Charge conservation

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
Iulia Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Charge Conservation

scholarly journals Constraining the Chiral Magnetic Effect with charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Acharya ◽  
◽  
D. Adamová ◽  
A. Adler ◽  
J. Adolfsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Magnetic Effect ◽  
Anisotropic Flow ◽  
Charge Conservation ◽  
Particle Correlations ◽  
Azimuthal Correlations ◽  
Chiral Magnetic Effect ◽  
Local Charge ◽  
Peripheral Collisions ◽  
Dependent Signal

Abstract Systematic studies of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ s NN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV used to probe the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) are presented. These measurements are performed for charged particles in the pseudorapidity (η) and transverse momentum (pT) ranges |η| < 0.8 and 0.2 < pT< 5 GeV/c. A significant charge-dependent signal that becomes more pronounced for peripheral collisions is reported for the CME-sensitive correlators γ1, 1 = 〈cos(φα + φβ − 2Ψ2)〉 and γ1, − 3 = 〈cos(φα − 3φβ + 2Ψ2)〉. The results are used to estimate the contribution of background effects, associated with local charge conservation coupled to anisotropic flow modulations, to measurements of the CME. A blast-wave parametrisation that incorporates local charge conservation tuned to reproduce the centrality dependent background effects is not able to fully describe the measured γ1,1. Finally, the charge and centrality dependence of mixed-harmonics three-particle correlations, of the form γ1, 2 = 〈cos(φα + 2φβ − 3Ψ3)〉, which are insensitive to the CME signal, verify again that background contributions dominate the measurement of γ1,1.

scholarly journals Maxwell's Equations, Stokes' Theorem, and the Conservation of Charge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gratus ◽  
Paul Kinsler ◽  
Martin W. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Effective Charge ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Electromagnetic Excitation ◽  
Gauge Freedom ◽  
Charge Conservation ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
Vacuum Polarisation ◽  
A Charge

A careful examination of the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory shows that due to the underlying mathematical assumptions required for Stokes' Theorem, global charge conservation cannot be guaranteed in topologically non-trivial spacetimes. However, in order to break the charge conservation mechanism we must also allow the electromagnetic excitation fields D, H to possess a gauge freedom, just as the electromagnetic scalar and vector potentials $\varphi$ and A do. This has implications for the treatment of electromagnetism in spacetimes where black holes both form and then evaporate, as well as extending the possibilities for treating vacuum polarisation. Using this gauge freedom of D, H we also propose an alternative to the accepted notion that a charge passing through a wormhole necessarily leads to an additional (effective) charge on the wormhole's mouth.

scholarly journals Topological violation of global symmetries in quantum gravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Yonekura
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Global Symmetries ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Path Integral ◽  
Black Brane ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Charge Conservation ◽  
Local Current ◽  
Topological Construction ◽  
Breaking Term

Abstract We discuss a topological reason why global symmetries are not conserved in quantum gravity, at least when the symmetry comes from compactification of a higher form symmetry. The mechanism is purely topological and does not require any explicit breaking term in the UV Lagrangian. Local current conservation does not imply global charge conservation in a sum over geometries in the path integral. We explicitly consider the shift symmetry of an axion-like field which originates from the compactification of a p-form gauge field. Our topological construction is motivated by the brane/black-brane correspondence, brane instantons, and an idea that virtual black branes of a simple kind may be realized by surgery on spacetime manifolds.

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