scholarly journals Multiple climbing fibers signal to molecular layer interneurons exclusively via glutamate spillover

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Szapiro ◽  
Boris Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Climbing Fibers

scholarly journals Non-synaptic signaling from cerebellar climbing fibers modulates Golgi cell activity

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K Nietz ◽  
Jada H Vaden ◽  
Luke T Coddington ◽  
Linda Overstreet-Wadiche ◽  
Jacques I Wadiche
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Climbing Fiber ◽  
Climbing Fibers ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Golgi Cell ◽  
Golgi Cells ◽  
Fiber Stimulation

Golgi cells are the principal inhibitory neurons at the input stage of the cerebellum, providing feedforward and feedback inhibition through mossy fiber and parallel fiber synapses. In vivo studies have shown that Golgi cell activity is regulated by climbing fiber stimulation, yet there is little functional or anatomical evidence for synapses between climbing fibers and Golgi cells. Here, we show that glutamate released from climbing fibers activates ionotropic and metabotropic receptors on Golgi cells through spillover-mediated transmission. The interplay of excitatory and inhibitory conductances provides flexible control over Golgi cell spiking, allowing either excitation or a biphasic sequence of excitation and inhibition following single climbing fiber stimulation. Together with prior studies of spillover transmission to molecular layer interneurons, these results reveal that climbing fibers exert control over inhibition at both the input and output layers of the cerebellar cortex.

A Functionally Important Feature of the Distribution of the Olivo–Cerebellar Climbing Fibers

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Courville ◽  
F. Faraco-Cantin ◽  
N. Diakiw
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Climbing Fibers ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Contralateral Projection

The olivo–cerebellar projection has been demonstrated by injections of small volumes of tritiated l-leucine in the inferior olive. A strictly contralateral projection to the cerebellar cortex has been found. Labelling of terminal fibers in the molecular layer is restricted to the paravermian and lateral regions of cortex after an injection of the central region of the olive. The distribution presents a very striking feature: the label is distributed along sagittal bands about 0.4 mm wide interrupted by empty spaces of the same width. It is suggested that an extra-olivary source provides the climbing fibers distributed in these spaces.

scholarly journals Inhibition gates supralinear Ca2+ signaling in Purkinje cell dendrites during practiced movements

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Gaffield ◽  
Matthew J M Rowan ◽  
Samantha B Amat ◽  
Hirokazu Hirai ◽  
Jason M Christie
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Climbing Fiber ◽  
Parallel Fiber ◽  
Climbing Fibers ◽  
Parallel Fibers ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Sensorimotor Information ◽  
Purkinje Cell Dendrites

Motor learning involves neural circuit modifications in the cerebellar cortex, likely through re-weighting of parallel fiber inputs onto Purkinje cells (PCs). Climbing fibers instruct these synaptic modifications when they excite PCs in conjunction with parallel fiber activity, a pairing that enhances climbing fiber-evoked Ca2+ signaling in PC dendrites. In vivo, climbing fibers spike continuously, including during movements when parallel fibers are simultaneously conveying sensorimotor information to PCs. Whether parallel fiber activity enhances climbing fiber Ca2+ signaling during motor behaviors is unknown. In mice, we found that inhibitory molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), activated by parallel fibers during practiced movements, suppressed parallel fiber enhancement of climbing fiber Ca2+ signaling in PCs. Similar results were obtained in acute slices for brief parallel fiber stimuli. Interestingly, more prolonged parallel fiber excitation revealed latent supralinear Ca2+ signaling. Therefore, the balance of parallel fiber and MLI input onto PCs regulates concomitant climbing fiber Ca2+ signaling.

Pathway rewiring with neural transplantation

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Strata ◽  
Ferdinando Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Climbing Fibers ◽  
Neural Transplantation ◽  
Collateral Sprouting ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA lesion to the brain is not necessary for a successful neural transplantation. Embryonic Purkinje cells placed on the surface of an uninjured adult cerebellum can develop and migrate into the host molecular layer. Both the Purkinje cells that migrated into the host cerebellum and those that remained in the graft were innervated by collateral sprouting of adult intact climbing fibers.

Ultrasturcture of cerebellar cells and neuropil in rats subjected to partial global cerebral ischemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
R.V.W. Dimlich ◽  
M.H. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Forebrain Ischemia ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Cerebellar Cells

Although a previous study in this laboratory determined that Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum did not appear to be damaged following 30 min of forebrain ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion, it was suggested that an increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and/or polysomes had occurred in these cells. The primary objective of the present study was to morphometrically determine whether or not this increase had occurred. In addition, since there is substantial evidence that glial cells may be affected by ischemia earlier than other cell types, glial cells also were examined. To ascertain possible effects on other cerebellar components, granule cells and neuropil near Purkinje cells as well as neuropil in the molecular layer also were evaluated in this investigation.

Effects of aging on axon terminals in the dentate molecular layer

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
K. Cullen-Dockstader ◽  
E. Fifkova
Keyword(s):  
Granule Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Perforant Path ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Spatial Memory Deficit ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Normal aging results in a pronounced spatial memory deficit associated with a rapid decay of long-term potentiation at the synapses between the perforant path and spines in the medial and distal thirds of the dentate molecular layer (DML), suggesting the alteration of synaptic transmission in the dentate fascia. While the number of dentate granule cells remains unchanged, and there are no obvious pathological changes in these cells associated with increasing age, the density of their axospinous contacts has been shown to decrease. There are indications that the presynaptic element is affected by senescence before the postsynaptic element, yet little attention has been given to the fine structure of the remaining axon terminals. Therefore, we studied the axon terminals of the perforant path in the DML across three age groups.5 Male rats (Fischer 344) of each age group (3, 24 and 30 months), were perfused through the aorta.

Low-Resistance Monovalent-Selective Cation Exchange Membranes for Energy-Efficient Ion Separations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Wormser ◽  
Oded Nir ◽  
Eran Edri
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Molecular Layer Deposition ◽  
Selective Layer ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Membrane Selectivity ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Water Energy Nexus

<div> <div> <div> <p>The desalination of brackish water provides water to tens of millions of people around the world, but current technologies deplete much needed nutrients from the water, which is detrimental to both public health and agriculture. A selective method for brackish water desalination, which retains the needed nutrients, is electrodialysis (ED) using monovalent-selective cation exchange membranes (MVS-CEMs). However, due to the trade-off between membrane selectivity and resistance, most MVS-CEMs demonstrate either high transport resistance or low selectivity, which increase energy consumption and hinder the use of such membranes for brackish water desalination by ED. Here, we used molecular layer deposition (MLD) to uniformly coat CEMs with ultrathin layers of alucone. The positive surface charge of the alucone instills monovalent selectivity in the CEM. Using MLD enabled us to precisely control and minimize the selective layer thickness, while the flexibility and nanoporosity of the alucone prevent cracking and delamination. Under conditions simulating brackish water desalination, this compound provides monovalent selectivity with negligible added resistance—the smallest reported resistance for a monovalent-selective layer, to date—thereby alleviating the selectivity–resistance trade-off. Addressing the water–energy nexus, we show that using these membranes in ED will cut at least half of the energy required for selective brackish water desalination with current MVS-CEMs. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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