scholarly journals Genetic influences on schizophrenia and subcortical brain volumes: large-scale proof of concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Franke ◽  
◽  
Jason L Stein ◽  
Stephan Ripke ◽  
Verneri Anttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

35 INVESTIGATION OF THE GENETIC INFLUENCES ON BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SUBCORTICAL BRAIN VOLUMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S79
Author(s):  
Megan Campbell ◽  
Shareefa Dalvie ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Raj Ramesar ◽  
Paul Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

scholarly journals Genetic influences on individual differences in longitudinal changes in global and subcortical brain volumes: Results of the ENIGMA plasticity working group

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 4444-4458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Brouwer ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
David C. Glahn ◽  
Derrek P. Hibar ◽  
Xue Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

Genetic correlations between subcortical brain volumes and psychiatric disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Ohi ◽  
Takamitsu Shimada ◽  
Yuzuru Kataoka ◽  
Toshiki Yasuyama ◽  
Yasuhiro Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Genome Wide

SummaryPsychiatric disorders as well as subcortical brain volumes are highly heritable. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for these traits have been performed. We investigated the genetic correlations between five psychiatric disorders and the seven subcortical brain volumes and the intracranial volume from large-scale GWASs by linkage disequilibrium score regression. We revealed weak overlaps between the genetic variants associated with psychiatric disorders and subcortical brain and intracranial volumes, such as in schizophrenia and the hippocampus and bipolar disorder and the accumbens. We confirmed shared aetiology and polygenic architecture across the psychiatric disorders and the specific subcortical brain and intracranial volume.

scholarly journals Depression and Vegetarians: Association between Dietary Vitamin B6, B12 and Folate Intake and Global and Subcortical Brain Volumes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Samuel Berkins ◽  
Helgi Birgir Schiöth ◽  
Gull Rukh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Depression Status

Deficiency of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, mostly in vegetarians, is found to be associated with depression and adverse neurological function. We investigated whether vitamin B6, B12, and folate have an effect on brain structure, especially among depressed people who follow a specific diet. The study sample comprised 9426 participants from the UK Biobank cohort with a mean age of 62.4 years. A generalized linear model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, town send deprivation index, educational qualification, smoking, and alcohol intake was used to test the association between study groups and structural brain volumes. Depression was more prevalent, and intake of vitamin B6 and B12 was lower among vegetarians, while non-vegetarians had a lower intake of folate. Overall, no significant association was observed between vitamin B6, B12, and folate intakes and both global and subcortical brain volumes among participants with depression. However, vitamin B12 intake was positively associated with right pallidum among non-depressed participants, and a significant interaction between vitamin B12 intake and depression status on the right pallidum was observed. Also, a significant interaction between folate intake and depression status on grey matter (GM) volume and left thalamus was observed. Upon diet stratification, folate intake is associated with total brain volume and GM volume among vegetarians with depression. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed for subcortical regions. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of vitamin B6 and B12 might have an effect on brain structure. Vegetarians, particularly those who suffer from depression may benefit from supplementing their diets with vitamins B6, B12, and folate to ensure brain health. Further studies, especially with a larger sample size and longitudinal design, are needed to confirm these findings.

Application of Wide-Band Ultrasound for the Detection of Angled Crack Features in Oil and Gas Pipelines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Vos ◽  
Petter Norli ◽  
Emilie Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Set Up

This paper describes a novel technique for the detection of cracks in pipelines. The proposed in-line inspection technique has the ability to detect crack features at random angles in the pipeline, such as axial, circumferential, and any angle in between. This ability is novel to the current ILI technology offering and will also add value by detecting cracks in deformed pipes (i.e. in dents), and cracks associated with the girth weld (mid weld cracks, rapid cooling cracks and cracks parallel to the weld). Furthermore, the technology is suitable for detection of cracks in spiral welded pipes, both parallel to the spiral weld as well as perpendicular to the weld. Integrity issues around most features described above are not addressed with ILI tools, often forcing operators to perform hydrostatic tests to ensure pipeline safety. The technology described here is based on the use of wideband ultrasound inline inspection tools that are already in operation. They are designed for the inspection of structures operating in challenging environments such as offshore pipelines. Adjustments to the front-end analog system and data collection from a grid of transducers allow the tools to detect cracks in any orientation in the line. Description of changes to the test set-up are presented as well as the theoretical background behind crack detection. Historical development of the technology will be presented, such as early laboratory testing and proof of concept. The proof of concept data will be compared to the theoretical predictions. A detailed set of results are presented. These are from tests that were performed on samples sourced from North America and Europe which contain SCC features. Results from ongoing testing will be presented, which involved large-scale testing on SCC features in gas-filled pipe spools.

scholarly journals Cortical thickness and subcortical brain volumes in professional rugby league players

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wojtowicz ◽  
Andrew J. Gardner ◽  
Peter Stanwell ◽  
Ross Zafonte ◽  
Bradford C. Dickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

High Performance BLAST Over the Grid

2011 ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Breton ◽  
Eddy Caron ◽  
Frederic Desprez ◽  
Gael Le Mahec
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
And Storage

As grids become more and more attractive for solving complex problems with high computational and storage requirements, bioinformatics starts to be ported on large scale platforms. The BLAST kernel, one of the main cornerstone of high performance genomics, was one the first application ported on such platform. However, if a simple parallelization was enough for the first proof of concept, its use in production platform needed more optimized algorithms. In this chapter, we review existing parallelization and “gridification” approaches as well as related issues such as data management and replication, and a case study using the DIET middleware over the Grid’5000 experimental platform.

scholarly journals Using ANT to Uncover the Full Potential of an Intelligent Operational Planning and Support Tool (IOPST) for Acute Healthcare Contexts

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Muhammad ◽  
Fatemeh Hoda Moghimi ◽  
Nyree J. Taylor ◽  
Bernice Redley ◽  
Lemai Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Many ◽  
Acute Healthcare ◽  
Large Scale Clinical Trial

Based on initial pre-clinical data and results from focus group studies, proof of concept for an intelligent operational planning and support tool (IOPST) for nursing in acute healthcare contexts has been demonstrated. However, moving from a simulated context to a large scale clinical trial brings potential challenges associated with the many complexities and multiple people-technology interactions. To enable an in depth and rich analysis of such a context, it is the contention of this paper that incorporating an Actor-Network Theory (ANT) lens to facilitate analysis will be a prudent option as discussed below.

scholarly journals Impulsivity and body fat accumulation are linked to cortical and subcortical brain volumes among adolescents and adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Kakoschke ◽  
Valentina Lorenzetti ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
Antonio Verdejo-García
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and subcortical brain anatomy in the UK Biobank cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steluta Grama ◽  
Isabella Willcocks ◽  
John J. Hubert ◽  
Antonio F. Pardiñas ◽  
Sophie E. Legge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Research has shown differences in subcortical brain volumes between participants with schizophrenia and healthy controls. However, none of these differences have been found to associate with schizophrenia polygenic risk. Here, in a large sample (n = 14,701) of unaffected participants from the UK Biobank, we test whether schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) limited to specific gene-sets predict subcortical brain volumes. We compare associations with schizophrenia PRS at the whole genome level (‘genomic’, including all SNPs associated with the disorder at a p-value threshold < 0.05) with ‘genic’ PRS (based on SNPs in the vicinity of known genes), ‘intergenic’ PRS (based on the remaining SNPs), and genic PRS limited to SNPs within 7 gene-sets previously found to be enriched for genetic association with schizophrenia (‘abnormal behaviour,’ ‘abnormal long-term potentiation,’ ‘abnormal nervous system electrophysiology,’ ‘FMRP targets,’ ‘5HT2C channels,’ ‘CaV2 channels’ and ‘loss-of-function intolerant genes’). We observe a negative association between the ‘abnormal behaviour’ gene-set PRS and volume of the right thalamus that survived correction for multiple testing (ß = −0.031, pFDR = 0.005) and was robust to different schizophrenia PRS p-value thresholds. In contrast, the only association with genomic PRS surviving correction for multiple testing was for right pallidum, which was observed using a schizophrenia PRS p-value threshold < 0.01 (ß = −0.032, p = 0.0003, pFDR = 0.02), but not when using other PRS P-value thresholds. We conclude that schizophrenia PRS limited to functional gene sets may provide a better means of capturing differences in subcortical brain volume than whole genome PRS approaches.

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