scholarly journals Architecture of the Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus machine revealed by electron cryotomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Chang ◽  
Andreas Kjær ◽  
Davi R. Ortega ◽  
Gabriela Kovacikova ◽  
John A. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Toxin Coregulated Pilus ◽  
Electron Cryotomography

scholarly journals Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying Genetic Variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Pathogenicity Island

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah M. Faruque ◽  
M. Kamruzzaman ◽  
Ismail M. Meraj ◽  
Nityananda Chowdhury ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Colonization Factor ◽  
Evolution Of Virulence ◽  
Toxin Coregulated Pilus ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor which is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes for the biosynthesis of TCP are part of a larger genetic element known as the TCP pathogenicity island. To assess their pathogenic potential, we analyzed environmental strains of V. cholerae carrying genetic variants of the TCP pathogenicity island for colonization of infant mice, susceptibility to CTXΦ, and diarrheagenicity in adult rabbits. Analysis of 14 environmental strains, including 3 strains carrying a new allele of the tcpA gene, 9 strains carrying a new allele of the toxT gene, and 2 strains carrying conventional tcpA and toxT genes, showed that all strains colonized infant mice with various efficiencies in competition with a control El Tor biotype strain of V. cholerae O1. Five of the 14 strains were susceptible to CTXΦ, and these transductants produced CT and caused diarrhea in adult rabbits. These results suggested that the new alleles of the tcpA and toxT genes found in environmental strains of V. cholerae encode biologically active gene products. Detection of functional homologs of the TCP island genes in environmental strains may have implications for understanding the origin and evolution of virulence genes of V. cholerae.

scholarly journals Examination of Diverse Toxin-Coregulated Pilus-Positive Vibrio cholerae Strains Fails To Demonstrate Evidence for Vibrio Pathogenicity Island Phage

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2993-2999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah M. Faruque ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Asadulghani ◽  
M. Kamruzzaman ◽  
John J. Mekalanos
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Filamentous Phage ◽  
Colonization Factor ◽  
Toxin Coregulated Pilus ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin, which is encoded by a lysogenic filamentous bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor that is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of TCP reside in a pathogenicity island, which has been reported to correspond to the genome of another filamentous phage (designated VPIΦ) and to encode functions necessary for the production of infectious VPIΦ particles. We examined 46 V. cholerae strains having diverse origins and carrying different genetic variants of the TCP island for the production of the VPIΦ and CTXΦ in different culture conditions, including induction of prophages with mitomycin C and UV irradiation. Although 9 of 10 V. cholerae O139 strains and 12 of 15 toxigenic El Tor strains tested produced extracellular CTXΦ, none of the 46 TCP-positive strains produced detectable VPIΦ in repeated assays, which detected as few as 10 particles of a control CTX phage per ml. These results contradict the previous report regarding VPIΦ-mediated horizontal transfer of the TCP genes and suggest that the TCP island is unable to support the production of phage particles. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanism of horizontal transfer of the TCP island.

scholarly journals Type III Secretion Is Essential for the Rapidly Fatal Diarrheal Disease Caused by Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae

mBio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ok S. Shin ◽  
Vincent C. Tam ◽  
Masato Suzuki ◽  
Jennifer M. Ritchie ◽  
Roderick T. Bronson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Toxin Coregulated Pilus

ABSTRACTCholera is a severe diarrheal disease typically caused by O1 serogroup strains ofVibrio cholerae. The pathogenicity of all pandemicV. choleraeO1 strains relies on two critical virulence factors: cholera toxin, a potent enterotoxin, and toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), an intestinal colonization factor. However, certain non-O1, non-O139V. choleraestrains, such as AM-19226, do not produce cholera toxin or TCP, yet they still cause severe diarrhea. The molecular basis for the pathogenicity of non-O1, non-O139V. choleraehas not been extensively characterized, but many of these strains encode related type III secretion systems (TTSSs). Here, we used infant rabbits to assess the contribution of the TTSS to non-O1, non-O139V. choleraepathogenicity. We found that all animals infected with wild-type AM-19226 developed severe diarrhea even more rapidly than rabbits infected withV. choleraeO1. UnlikeV. choleraeO1 strains, which do not damage the intestinal epithelium in rabbits or humans, AM-19226 caused marked disruptions of the epithelial surface in the rabbit small intestine. TTSS proved to be essential for AM-19226 virulence in infant rabbits; an AM-19226 derivative deficient for TTSS did not elicit diarrhea, colonize the intestine, or induce pathological changes in the intestine. Deletion of either one of the two previously identified or two newly identified AM-19226 TTSS effectors reduced but did not eliminate AM-19226 pathogenicity, suggesting that at least four effectors contribute to this strain’s virulence. In aggregate, our results suggest that the TTSS-dependent virulence in non-O1, non-O139V. choleraerepresents a new type of diarrheagenic mechanism.IMPORTANCECholera, which is caused byVibrio cholerae, is an important cause of diarrheal disease in many developing countries. The mechanisms of virulence of nonpandemic strains that can cause a diarrheal illness are poorly understood. AM-19226, like several other pathogenic, nonpandemicV. choleraestrains, carries genes that encode a type III secretion system (TTSS), but not cholera toxin (CT) or toxin coregulated pilus (TCP). In this study, we used infant rabbits to study AM-19226 virulence. Infant rabbits orally inoculated with this strain rapidly developed a fatal diarrheal disease, which was accompanied by marked disruptions of the intestinal epithelium. This strain’s TTSS proved essential for its pathogenicity, and there was no diarrhea, intestinal pathology, or colonization in rabbits infected with a TTSS mutant. The effector proteins translocated by the TTSS all appear to contribute to AM-19226 virulence. Thus, our study provides insight intoin vivomechanisms by which a novel TTSS contributes to diarrheal disease caused by nonpandemic strains ofV. cholerae.

Identification of a Vibrio cholerae ToxR-activated gene (tagD) that is physically linked to the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) gene cluster

Gene ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J. Hughes ◽  
Keith D. Everiss ◽  
Cecil W. Harkey ◽  
Kenneth M. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Toxin Coregulated Pilus

Biogenesis and regulation of the Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus: analogies to other virulence factor secretory systems

Gene ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Kaufman ◽  
Carolyn E. Shaw ◽  
Ian D. Jones ◽  
Ronald K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Toxin Coregulated Pilus
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