scholarly journals Two-photon optogenetics of dendritic spines and neural circuits

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M Packer ◽  
Darcy S Peterka ◽  
Jan J Hirtz ◽  
Rohit Prakash ◽  
Karl Deisseroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Two Photon

Two-Photon Glutamate Uncaging to Study Structural and Functional Plasticity of Dendritic Spines

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Ivar S. Stein ◽  
Travis C. Hill ◽  
Won Chan Oh ◽  
Laxmi K. Parajuli ◽  
Karen Zito
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Functional Plasticity ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Microglia motility depends on neuronal activity and promotes structural plasticity in the hippocampus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix C. Nebeling ◽  
Stefanie Poll ◽  
Lena C. Schmid ◽  
Manuel Mittag ◽  
Julia Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play a complex role in health and disease. They actively survey the brain parenchyma by physically interacting with other cells and structurally shaping the brain. Yet, the mechanisms underlying microglia motility and their significance for synapse stability, especially during adulthood, remain widely unresolved. Here we investigated the impact of neuronal activity on microglia motility and its implication for synapse formation and survival. We used repetitive two-photon in vivo imaging in the hippocampus of awake mice to simultaneously study microglia motility and their interaction with synapses. We found that microglia process motility depended on neuronal activity. Simultaneously, more dendritic spines emerged in awake compared to anesthetized mice. Interestingly, microglia contact rates with individual dendritic spines were associated with their stability. These results suggest that microglia are not only sensing neuronal activity, but participate in synaptic rewiring of the hippocampus during adulthood, which has profound relevance for learning and memory processes.

scholarly journals Bidirectional in vivo structural dendritic spine plasticity revealed by two-photon glutamate uncaging in the mouse neocortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Noguchi ◽  
Akira Nagaoka ◽  
Tatsuya Hayama ◽  
Hasan Ucar ◽  
Sho Yagishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Spine Plasticity

Abstract Most excitatory synapses in the brain form on dendritic spines. Two-photon uncaging of glutamate is widely utilized to characterize the structural plasticity of dendritic spines in brain slice preparations in vitro. In the present study, glutamate uncaging was used to investigate spine plasticity, for the first time, in vivo. A caged glutamate compound was applied to the surface of the mouse visual cortex in vivo, revealing the successful induction of spine enlargement by repetitive two-photon uncaging in a magnesium free solution. Notably, this induction occurred in a smaller fraction of spines in the neocortex in vivo (22%) than in hippocampal slices (95%). Once induced, the time course and mean long-term enlargement amplitudes were similar to those found in hippocampal slices. However, low-frequency (1–2 Hz) glutamate uncaging in the presence of magnesium caused spine shrinkage in a similar fraction (35%) of spines as in hippocampal slices, though spread to neighboring spines occurred less frequently than it did in hippocampal slices. Thus, the structural plasticity may occur similarly in the neocortex in vivo as in hippocampal slices, although it happened less frequently in our experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Two-Photon Correlation Spectroscopy in Single Dendritic Spines Reveals Fast Actin Filament Reorganization during Activity-Dependent Growth

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0128241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hua Chen ◽  
Yves Kellner ◽  
Marta Zagrebelsky ◽  
Matthias Grunwald ◽  
Martin Korte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filament ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Activity Dependent

Two-Photon Mapping of Neural Circuits

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (5) ◽  
pp. pdb.top111-pdb.top111 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nikolenko ◽  
E. Fino ◽  
R. Yuste
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Photon Mapping ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Two-Photon Optical Interrogation of Individual Dendritic Spines with Caged Dopamine

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Araya ◽  
Victoria Andino-Pavlovsky ◽  
Rafael Yuste ◽  
Roberto Etchenique
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Dual-color volumetric imaging of neural activity of cortical columns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuting Han ◽  
Weijian Yang ◽  
Rafael Yuste
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Volumetric Imaging ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dual Color

To capture the emergent properties of neural circuits, high-speed volumetric imaging of neural activity at cellular resolution is desirable. But while conventional two-photon calcium imaging is a powerful tool to study population activity in vivo, it is restrained to two-dimensional planes. Expanding it to 3D while maintaining high spatiotemporal resolution appears necessary. Here, we developed a two-photon microscope with dual-color laser excitation that can image neural activity in a 3D volume. We imaged the neuronal activity of primary visual cortex from awake mice, spanning from L2 to L5 with 10 planes, at a rate of 10 vol/sec, and demonstrated volumetric imaging of L1 long-range PFC projections and L2/3 somatas. Using this method, we map visually-evoked neuronal ensembles in 3D, finding a lack of columnar structure in orientation responses and revealing functional correlations between cortical layers which differ from trial to trial and are missed in sequential imaging. We also reveal functional interactions between presynaptic L1 axons and postsynaptic L2/3 neurons. Volumetric two-photon imaging appears an ideal method for functional connectomics of neural circuits.

scholarly journals All-optical interrogation of neural circuits in behaving mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd E. Russell ◽  
Henry W.P. Dalgleish ◽  
Rebecca Nutbrown ◽  
Oliver Gauld ◽  
Dustin Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
All Optical ◽  
The Impact

Recent advances combining two-photon calcium imaging and two-photon optogenetics with digital holography now allow us to read and write neural activity in vivo at cellular resolution with millisecond temporal precision. Such 'all-optical' techniques enable experimenters to probe the impact of functionally defined neurons on neural circuit function and behavioural output with new levels of precision. This protocol describes the experimental strategy and workflow for successful completion of typical all-optical interrogation experiments in awake, behaving head-fixed mice. We describe modular procedures for the setup and calibration of an all-optical system, the preparation of an indicator and opsin-expressing and task-performing animal, the characterization of functional and photostimulation responses and the design and implementation of an all-optical experiment. We discuss optimizations for efficiently selecting and targeting neuronal ensembles for photostimulation sequences, as well as generating photostimulation response maps from the imaging data that can be used to examine the impact of photostimulation on the local circuit. We demonstrate the utility of this strategy using all-optical experiments in three different brain areas - barrel cortex, visual cortex and hippocampus - using different experimental setups. This approach can in principle be adapted to any brain area for all-optical interrogation experiments to probe functional connectivity in neural circuits and for investigating the relationship between neural circuit activity and behaviour.

scholarly journals Motor Learning Drives Dynamic Patterns of Intermittent Myelination on Behaviorally-Activated Axons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara M. Bacmeister ◽  
Rongchen Huang ◽  
Michael A. Thornton ◽  
Lauren Conant ◽  
Anthony R. Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Nodes Of Ranvier ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Myelin Sheaths

Myelin plasticity occurs when newly-formed and pre-existing oligodendrocytes remodel existing myelination. Recent studies show these processes occur in response to changes in neuronal activity and are required for learning and memory. However, the link between behaviorally-relevant neuronal activity and circuit-specific changes in myelination remains unknown. Using longitudinal, in vivo two-photon imaging and targeted labeling of behaviorally-activated neurons, we explore how the pattern of intermittent myelination is altered on individual cortical axons during learning of a dexterous reach task. We show that learning-induced plasticity is targeted to behaviorally-activated axons and occurs in a staged response across cortical layers. During learning, myelin sheaths retract, lengthening nodes of Ranvier. Following learning, addition of new sheaths increases the number of continuous stretches of myelination. Computational modeling suggests these changes initially slow and subsequently increase conduction speed. Thus, behaviorally-activated, circuit-specific changes to myelination may fundamentally alter how information is transferred in neural circuits during learning.

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