Differential polymerization of the two main protein components of dragline silk during fibre spinning

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 772-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sponner ◽  
Eberhard Unger ◽  
Frank Grosse ◽  
Klaus Weisshart
Keyword(s):  
Dragline Silk ◽  
Fibre Spinning ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Protein Components

Taxonomic significance of seed protein profiles in Acacia, with special reference to Acacia emilioana

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia L. Lamarque ◽  
Renée H. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Total Seed

Total seed proteins of 10 Acacia species were examined by SDS–PAGE. The protein patterns showed qualitative and quantitative differences among the taxa analysed. The main protein components of most species examined had MW's in the range of 38.5–49.0 × 103. Subgenus Aculeiferum differed from subg. Acacia in the presence of a high concentration of proteins in the range of 20–24.5 × 103. Hierarchical clustering of the 10 taxa was undertaken, based on Jaccard distances calculated from electrophoretic data. The species grouped in two main clusters, representing the two subgenera of Acacia that occur in America, namely subg. Acacia and subg. Aculeiferum. The taxonomic placement of Acacia emilioana, a species with uncertain sectional affinity within subg. Aculeiferum, is discussed.

scholarly journals Enzymes of Aspergillus Oryzae V. Ethanol Fractionation at Low Ionic Strengths

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Gillespie ◽  
EFW ood
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Paper Method

Moving boundary and paper electrophoresis were applied to crude and deionized enzyme preparations from cultures of Aspergillus oryzae. Five main protein components were observed by both methods and four additional minor components were demonstrated with the paper method.

scholarly journals A New Opaque Variant of Maize by a Single Dominant RNA-Interference-Inducing Transgene

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Segal ◽  
Rentao Song ◽  
Joachim Messing
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Dominant Phenotype ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Storage Protein Genes ◽  
Zein Genes ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Abstract In maize, α-zeins, the main protein components of seed stores, are major determinants of nutritional imbalance when maize is used as the sole food source. Mutations like opaque-2 (o2) are used in breeding varieties with improved nutritional quality. However, o2 works in a recessive fashion by affecting the expression of a subset of 22-kD α-zeins, as well as additional endosperm gene functions. Thus, we sought a dominant mutation that could suppress the storage protein genes without interrupting O2 synthesis. We found that maize transformed with RNA interference (RNAi) constructs derived from a 22-kD zein gene could produce a dominant opaque phenotype. This phenotype segregates in a normal Mendelian fashion and eliminates 22-kD zeins without affecting the accumulation of other zein proteins. A system for regulated transgene expression generating antisense RNA also reduced the expression of 22-kD zein genes, but failed to give an opaque phenotype. Therefore, it appears that small interfering RNAs not only may play an important regulatory role during plant development, but also are effective genetic tools for dissecting the function of gene families. Since the dominant phenotype is also correlated with increased lysine content, the new mutant illustrates an approach for creating more nutritious crop plants.

Differential staining of crystalline arrays of outer mitochondrial membrane channels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Carmen A. Mannella ◽  
Joachim Frank
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Channels ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Regular Arrays

The mitochondrial outer membrane contains pore-forming polypeptides (Mr⋍= 30,000) which are its main protein components in plants and fungi. Outer membranes (OM) isolated from Neurospora mitochondria often contain extended regular arrays of subunits with stain-accumulating centers 2-3 nm in diameter. That these subunits are the mitochondrial channels has been established immunologically. Antibodies against the predominant 31-kDa OM polypeptide of Neurospora (a) prevent in vitro insertion of OM channels into bilayers and (b) preferentially bind to the crystalline membranes in OM fractions.Planar projections of individual OM channel layers have been reconstructed from electron micrographs of negatively stained crystalline vesicles by Fourier filtration. In the usual array (Fig. 1a) the unit cell is a parallelogram which can hold six stain centers (putative pore openings) arranged in a hexagon with p2 symmetry. There are large pore-free areas in these arrays (* in Fig. 1a) which are likely composed of phospholipid, since they disappear when the membranes are treated with phospholipase A2 (Fig. 1b).

scholarly journals Histone citrullination: a new target for tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwei Zhu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Shengjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Histone Citrullination ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAs the main protein components of chromatin, histones play central roles in gene regulation as spools of winding DNA. Histones are subject to various modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, ubiquitination and citrullination, which affect gene transcription. Histone citrullination, a posttranscriptional modification catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, is involved in human carcinogenesis. In this study, we highlighted the functions of histone citrullination in physiological regulation and tumors. Additionally, because histone citrullination involves forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the relationship between NETs and tumors was illustrated. Finally, the clinical application of histone citrullination and PAD inhibitors was discussed.

scholarly journals Laminopathies: The molecular background of the disease and the prospects for its treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla ◽  
Magda Dubińska-Magiera ◽  
Ryszard Rzepecki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Current State ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Protein Components

AbstractLaminopathies are rare human degenerative disorders with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, associated with defects in the main protein components of the nuclear envelope, mostly in the lamins. They include systemic disorders and tissue-restricted diseases. Scientists have been trying to explain the pathogenesis of laminopathies and find an efficient method for treatment for many years. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about laminopathies, the molecular mechanisms behind the development of particular phenotypes, and the prospects for stem cell and/or gene therapy treatments.

scholarly journals Comparison of Proteome Composition of Serum Enriched in Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Polycythemia Vera Patients and Healthy Controls

Proteomes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fel ◽  
Aleksandra E. Lewandowska ◽  
Petro E. Petrides ◽  
Jacek R. Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Protein Components

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), e.g., exosomes and microvesicles, are one of the main networks of intercellular communication. In myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as polycythemia vera (PV), excess of EVs originating from overabundant blood cells can directly contribute to thrombosis through their procoagulant activity. However, the proteomic composition of these vesicles in PV patients has not been investigated before. In this work, we examined the proteomic composition of serum EVs of PV patients in comparison to healthy controls. We processed EV-enriched serum samples using the Multiple Enzyme Filter Aided Sample Preparation approach (MED-FASP), conducted LC-MS/MS measurements on a Q-Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer, and quantitatively analyzed the absolute concentrations of identified proteins by the Total Protein Approach (TPA). Thirty-eight proteins were present at statistically significant different concentrations between PV patients’ study group and healthy controls’ group. The main protein components deregulated in PV were primarily related to excessive amounts of cells, increased platelet activation, elevated immune and inflammatory response, and high concentrations of procoagulant and angiogenic agents. Our study provides the first quantitative analysis of the serum EVs’ proteome in PV patients. This new knowledge may contribute to a better understanding of the secondary systemic effects of PV disease and further development of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

scholarly journals Oogenesis and egg development in triatomines: a biochemical approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia C. Atella ◽  
Katia C. Gondim ◽  
Ednildo A. Machado ◽  
Marcelo N. Medeiros ◽  
Mário A.C. Silva-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Yolk Proteins ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Biochemical Approach ◽  
Protein Components

In triatomines, as well as in other insects, accumulation of yolk is a process in which an extra-ovarian tissue, the fat body, produces yolk proteins that are packed in the egg. The main protein, synthesized by the fat body, which is accumulated inside the oocyte, is vitellogenin. This process is also known as vitellogenesis. There are growing evidences in triatomines that besides fat body the ovary also produces yolk proteins. The way these yolk proteins enter the oocyte will be discussed. Yolk is a complex material composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and other minor components which are packed inside the oocyte in an organized manner. Fertilization triggers embryogenesis, a process where an embryo will develop. During embryogenesis the yolk will be used for the construction of a new individual, the first instar nymph. The challenge for the next decade is to understand how and where these egg proteins are used up together with their non-protein components, in pace with the genetic program of the embryo, which enables cell differentiation (early phase of embryogenesis) and embryo differentiation (late phase) inside the egg.

scholarly journals Interactions Among Heparin, Cold-Insoluble Globulin, and Fibrinogen in Formation of the Heparin Precipitable Fraction of Plasma

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Stathakis ◽  
M. W. Mosesson
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Maximum Precipitation ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Cold Insoluble Globulin ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Selection Of

Fibrinogen and the cold-insoluble globulin of plasma (CIg) are the main protein components of the heparin cryoprecipi table fraction (HPF) of normal plasma. The interactions between these proteins and heparin were examined. Heparin formed a cold precipitable complex with purified CIg or with mixtures of CIg and fibrinogen (T/2, 0.2; pH 7.2) but not with fibrinogen alone. Cryoprecipitation could be augmented by addition of Ca++ or by selection of optimal heparin levels; it could be reduced or even abolished by raising the ionic strength or pH or both, or by raising the heparin level above that needed for maximum precipitation of CIg. Fibrinogen reduced the threshold level of CIg at which heparin-induced cryoprecipitation occurred and, by co-precipitating with heparin and CIg, increased the total precipitate that formed. In contrast to the HPF from normal plasma which contained both fibrinogen and CIg, that from afibrinogenemic plasma contained CIg but lacked fibrinogen. Normal plasma depleted of CIg failed to form a heparin-induced cryoprecipitate. Thus, CIg is essential for heparin-induced cryoprecipitation to occur. Fibrinogen, as assessed by chromatographic experiments with heparin-Sepharose columns, has a considerably lower heparin-binding affinity than does CIg, indicating that it participates in formation of the HPF mainly, if not entirely, by virtue of its affinity for CIg.

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