scholarly journals The cytosolic exonuclease TREX1 inhibits the innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yan ◽  
Ashton D Regalado-Magdos ◽  
Bart Stiggelbout ◽  
Min Ae Lee-Kirsch ◽  
Judy Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Exonuclease Trex1

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Induces Cyclin T1 Expression in Macrophages

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 8114-8119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ying Liou ◽  
Christine H. Herrmann ◽  
Andrew P. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cyclin T1 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is essential for viral replication and activates RNA polymerase II transcriptional elongation through the association with a cellular protein kinase composed of Cdk9 and cyclin T1. Tat binds to this kinase complex through a direct protein-protein interaction with cyclin T1. Monocytes/macrophages are important targets of HIV-1 infection, and previous work has shown that cyclin T1 but not Cdk9 protein expression is low in monocytes isolated from blood. While Cdk9 expression is expressed at a high level during monocyte differentiation to macrophages in vitro, cyclin T1 expression is induced during the first few days of differentiation and is shut off after 1 to 2 weeks. We show here that the shutoff of cyclin T1 expression in late-differentiated macrophages involves proteasome-mediated proteolysis. We also show that cyclin T1 can be reinduced by a number of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate macrophages, indicating that up-regulation of cyclin T1 is part of an innate immune response. Furthermore, we found that HIV-1 infection early in macrophage differentiation results in sustained cyclin T1 expression, while infection at late times in differentiation results in the reinduction of cyclin T1. Expression of the viral Nef protein from an adenovirus vector suggests that Nef contributes to the HIV-1 induction of cyclin T1. These findings suggest that HIV-1 infection hijacks a component of the innate immune response in macrophages that results in enhancement rather than inhibition of viral replication.

Viral Phenotype and Immune Response in Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. L. Roos ◽  
J. M. A. Lange ◽  
R. E. Y. de Goede ◽  
R. A. Coutinho ◽  
P. T. A. Schellekens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Viral Phenotype ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Gag virus-like particle boost substantially improves the immune response to a subtype C gag DNA vaccine in mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Jaffray ◽  
Enid Shephard ◽  
Joanne van Harmelen ◽  
Carolyn Williamson ◽  
Anna-Lise Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C is the predominant HIV in southern Africa, and is the target of a number of recent vaccine candidates. It has been proposed that a heterologous prime/boost vaccination strategy may result in stronger, broader and more prolonged immune responses. Since HIV-1 Gag Pr55 polyprotein can assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) which have been shown to induce a strong cellular immune response in animals, we showed that a typical southern African subtype C Pr55 protein expressed in insect cells via recombinant baculovirus could form VLPs. We then used the baculovirus-produced VLPs as a boost to a subtype C HIV-1 gag DNA prime vaccination in mice. This study shows that a low dose of HIV-1 subtype C Gag VLPs can significantly boost the immune response to a single subtype C gag DNA inoculation in mice. These results suggest a possible vaccination regimen for humans.

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