scholarly journals Slip-rate variability and distributed deformation in the Marmara Sea fault system

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Hergert ◽  
Oliver Heidbach
Keyword(s):  
Slip Rate ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Marmara Sea

scholarly journals Three Approaches to Interseismic Slip Rates on the Marmara Faults and Their Tensorial Correlations with the Kostrov-Based Strain Rates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Özbey ◽  
Mehmet Sinan Özeren ◽  
Pierre Henry ◽  
Elliot Klein ◽  
Gerald Galgana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frames ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Slip Distribution ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Block Model ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Gps Velocities

<p>The interseismic slip distribution in the Marmara fault system represents both observational and modelling challenges. The observational challenge is obvious: the faults are under water and to understand their interseismic behavior (creeping versus locked) requires expensive and logistically difficult underwater geodetic measurements, alongside those on land. Up to now, two such underwater studies have been conducted and they suggest that the segment to the south of Istanbul zone (so-called Central segment) is locked while some creep is probably going on along the neighboring segment to the west. Given these two important findings, the slip distribution problem is still non-trivial due to the fact that our experiments so far demonstrate that the block-based slip inversions and those that only consider a single fault (with the same geometry as one of the boundaries of the blocks) give significantly different results. In this study we approach the problem using three methodologies: block models with spatially non-varying strains within individual blocks, a boundary element approach and a continuum kinematic approach. Although the block model does not give spatially varying strains, the inversion results from the block model can be used as an input to model strain field in the vicinity of the fault. We constract a formulation to correlate the results from these with the strain rates obtained using focal mechanism summations.</p><p>GPS velocities are taken from previous studies around the Marmara Sea such as Reilinger et al., (2006), Aktuğ et al., (2009), Ergintav et al., (2014), Özdemir et al., (2016) and Özdemir and Karslıoğlu, (2019). Since all studies have different processing strategies or by choosing different reference frames, the GPS velocity fields could not be combined directly. Hence, we combined all velocity fields by minimizing the residuals between the velocities of the common sites in the studies. For this purpose VELROT program (Herring et al 2015) was used. Reilinger et al., (2006) was selected the reference field and other velocity fields were aligned one by one on it. If the combined sigma of the pairs of velocity estimates in the residuals are greater than 2 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>, that sites are excluded from the final velocity field. As a result, 127 GPS velocities were used in the developed models.</p>

Magnitude, timing, and rate of slip along the Atacama fault system, northern Chile: Implications for Early Cretaceous slip partitioning and plate convergence

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-142
Author(s):  
N.M. Seymour ◽  
J.S. Singleton ◽  
R. Gomila ◽  
S.P. Mavor ◽  
G. Heuser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergence Rates ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
Oblique Convergence ◽  
Slip History ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Atacama Fault System

Displacement estimates along the Atacama fault system (AFS), a crustal-scale sinistral structure that accommodated oblique convergence in the Mesozoic Coastal Cordillera arc, vary widely due to a lack of piercing points. We mapped the distribution of plutons and mylonitic deformation along the northern ∼70 km of the El Salado segment and use U-Pb geochronology to establish the slip history of the AFS. Along the eastern branch, mylonitic fabrics associated with the synkinematic ∼134–132 Ma Cerro del Pingo Complex are separated by 34–38 km, and mylonites associated with a synkinematic ∼120–119 Ma tonalite are separated by 20.5–25 km. We interpret leucocratic intrusions to be separated across the western branch by ∼16–20 km, giving a total slip magnitude of ∼54 ± 6 km across the El Salado segment. Kinematic indicators consistently record sinistral shear and zircon (U-Th)/He data suggest dip-slip motion was insignificant. Displacement occurred between ∼133–110 Ma at a slip rate of ∼2.1–2.6 km/Myr. This slip rate is low compared to modern intra-arc strike-slip faults, suggesting (1) the majority of lateral slip was accommodated along the slab interface or distributed through the forearc or (2) plate convergence rates/obliquity were significantly lower than previously modeled.Supplementary material including full U-Pb, (U-Th)/He, petrographic, and structural data with locations is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5262177.

scholarly journals Methodology for Earthquake Rupture Rate estimates of fault networks: example for the Western Corinth Rift, Greece

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Chartier ◽  
Oona Scotti ◽  
Hélène Lyon-Caen ◽  
Aurélien Boiselet
Keyword(s):  
Active Faults ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
System Level ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Multiple Faults

Abstract. Modelling the seismic potential of active faults is a fundamental step of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). An accurate estimation of the rate of earthquakes on the faults is necessary in order to obtain the probability of exceedance of a given ground motion. Most PSHA studies consider faults as independent structures and neglect the possibility of multiple faults or fault segments rupturing simultaneously (Fault to Fault -FtF- ruptures). The latest Californian model (UCERF-3) takes into account this possibility by considering a system level approach rather than an individual fault level approach using the geological , seismological and geodetical information to invert the earthquake rates. In many places of the world seismological and geodetical information long fault networks are often not well constrained. There is therefore a need to propose a methodology relying only on geological information to compute earthquake rate of the faults in the network. In this methodology, similarly to UCERF-3, a simple distance criteria is used to define FtF ruptures and consider single faults or FtF ruptures as an aleatory uncertainty. Rates of earthquakes on faults are then computed following two constraints: the magnitude frequency distribution (MFD) of earthquakes in the fault system as a whole must follow an imposed shape and the rate of earthquakes on each fault is determined by the specific slip-rate of each segment depending on the possible FtF ruptures. The modelled earthquake rates are then confronted to the available independent data (geodetical, seismological and paleoseismological data) in order to weigh different hypothesis explored in a logic tree. The methodology is tested on the Western Corinth Rift, Greece (WCR) where recent advancements have been made in the understanding of the geological slip rates of the complex network of normal faults which are accommodating the ~15 mm/yr North-South extension. Modelling results show that geological, seismological extension rates and paleoseismological rates of earthquakes cannot be reconciled with only single fault rupture scenarios and require hypothesising a large spectrum of possible FtF rupture sets. Furthermore, in order to fit the imposed regional Gutenberg-Richter MFD target, some of the slip along certain faults needs to be accommodated either with interseismic creep or as post-seismic processes. Furthermore, individual fault’s MFDs differ depending on the position of each fault in the system and the possible FtF ruptures associated with the fault. Finally, a comparison of modelled earthquake rupture rates with those deduced from the regional and local earthquake catalogue statistics and local paleosismological data indicates a better fit with the FtF rupture set constructed with a distance criteria based on a 5 km rather than 3 km, suggesting, a high connectivity of faults in the WCR fault system.

scholarly journals Development of an inversion method to extract information on fault geometry from teleseismic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousuke Shimizu ◽  
Yuji Yagi ◽  
Ryo Okuwaki ◽  
Yukitoshi Fukahata
Keyword(s):  
Fault Plane ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Rate Function ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Fault Geometry ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Extract Information

SUMMARY Teleseismic waveforms contain information on fault slip evolution during an earthquake, as well as on the fault geometry. A linear finite-fault inversion method is a tool for solving the slip-rate function distribution under an assumption of fault geometry as a single or multiple-fault-plane model. An inappropriate assumption of fault geometry would tend to distort the solution due to Green’s function modelling errors. We developed a new inversion method to extract information on fault geometry along with the slip-rate function from observed teleseismic waveforms. In this method, as in most previous studies, we assumed a flat fault plane, but we allowed arbitrary directions of slip not necessarily parallel to the assumed fault plane. More precisely, the method represents fault slip on the assumed fault by the superposition of five basis components of potency-density tensor, which can express arbitrary fault slip that occurs underground. We tested the developed method by applying it to real teleseismic P waveforms of the MW 7.7 2013 Balochistan, Pakistan, earthquake, which is thought to have occurred along a curved fault system. The obtained spatiotemporal distribution of potency-density tensors showed that the focal mechanism at each source knot was dominated by a strike-slip component with successive strike angle rotation from 205° to 240° as the rupture propagated unilaterally towards the south-west from the epicentre. This result is consistent with Earth’s surface deformation observed in optical satellite images. The success of the developed method is attributable to the fact that teleseismic body waves are not very sensitive to the spatial location of fault slip, whereas they are very sensitive to the direction of fault slip. The method may be a powerful tool to extract information on fault geometry along with the slip-rate function without requiring detailed assumptions about fault geometry.

Reconciling an Early Nineteenth-Century Rupture of the Alpine Fault at a Section End, Toaroha River, Westland, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Langridge ◽  
Pilar Villamor ◽  
Jamie D. Howarth ◽  
William F. Ries ◽  
Kate J. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Surface Rupture ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Alpine Fault

ABSTRACT The Alpine fault is a high slip-rate plate boundary fault that poses a significant seismic hazard to southern and central New Zealand. To date, the strongest paleoseismic evidence for the onshore southern and central sections indicates that the fault typically ruptures during very large (Mw≥7.7) to great “full-section” earthquakes. Three paleoseismic trenches excavated at the northeastern end of its central section at the Toaroha River (Staples site) provide new insights into its surface-rupture behavior. Paleoseismic ruptures in each trench have been dated using the best-ranked radiocarbon dating fractions, and stratigraphically and temporally correlated between each trench. The preferred timings of the four most recent earthquakes are 1813–1848, 1673–1792, 1250–1580, and ≥1084–1276 C.E. (95% confidence intervals using OxCal 4.4). These surface-rupture dates correlate well with reinterpreted timings of paleoearthquakes from previous trenches excavated nearby and with the timing of shaking-triggered turbidites in lakes along the central section of the Alpine fault. Results from these trenches indicate the most recent rupture event (MRE) in this area postdates the great 1717 C.E. Alpine fault rupture (the most recent full-section rupture of the southern and central sections). This MRE probably occurred within the early nineteenth century and is reconciled as either: (a) a “partial-section” rupture of the central section; (b) a northern section rupture that continued to the southwest; or (c) triggered slip from a Hope-Kelly fault rupture at the southwestern end of the Marlborough fault system (MFS). Although, no single scenario is currently favored, our results indicate that the behavior of the Alpine fault is more complex in the north, as the plate boundary transitions into the MFS. An important outcome is that sites or towns near fault intersections and section ends may experience strong ground motions more frequently due to locally shorter rupture recurrence intervals.

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