DNA methylation profiles in monozygotic and dizygotic twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A Kaminsky ◽  
Thomas Tang ◽  
Sun-Chong Wang ◽  
Carolyn Ptak ◽  
Gabriel H T Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dizygotic Twins

Epigenetics and twin studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Jenny van Dongen ◽  
Dorret I Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dna Sequence Variants ◽  
The Brain

Throughout life, human traits are characterized by variability: they show variation between people and within persons over a time period. Such variation between and within persons can be related to genotype or environment and can be examined in studies of mono- and dizygotic twins. Increasingly, twins are also studied to examine variation at the molecular level, including variation in epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. These mechanisms regulate how the DNA code is used in cells and are increasingly recognized as important contributors to phenotypic differences. In the brain, epigenetic mechanisms are crucial to development and synaptic plasticity, and are probably at the molecular basis of processes such as learning and memory. Epigenetic mechanisms represent a biological path through which environment and DNA-sequence variants may exert their effects on complex traits. When studying epigenetic mechanisms in human traits and understanding the sources of epigenetic variation twin-based research offers exceptional opportunities. This chapter describes epigenetic mechanisms and the value of twin research, with a focus on DNA methylation and traits related to cognitive and mental health.

scholarly journals Examining the Vanishing Twin Hypothesis of Neural Tube Defects: Application of an Epigenetic Predictor for Monozygotic Twinning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jenny van Dongen ◽  
Scott D. Gordon ◽  
Veronika V. Odintsova ◽  
Allan F. McRae ◽  
Wendy P. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Methylation Array ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Monozygotic Twinning ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Dna Methylation Array ◽  
Mz Twins

Abstract Strong associations between neural tube defects (NTDs) and monozygotic (MZ) twinning have long been noted, and it has been suggested that NTD cases who do not present as MZ twins may be the survivors of MZ twinning events. We have recently shown that MZ twins carry a strong, distinctive DNA methylation signature and have developed an algorithm based on genomewide DNA methylation array data that distinguishes MZ twins from dizygotic twins and other relatives at well above chance level. We have applied this algorithm to published methylation data from five fetal tissues (placental chorionic villi, kidney, spinal cord, brain and muscle) collected from spina bifida cases (n = 22), anencephalic cases (n = 15) and controls (n = 19). We see no difference in signature between cases and controls, providing no support for a common etiological role of MZ twinning in NTDs. The strong associations therefore continue to await elucidation.

scholarly journals Characterizing genetic and environmental influences on variable DNA methylation using monozygotic and dizygotic twins

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e1007544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilis Hannon ◽  
Olivia Knox ◽  
Karen Sugden ◽  
Joe Burrage ◽  
Chloe C. Y. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Dizygotic Twins

scholarly journals Impact of the Genome on the Epigenome Is Manifested in DNA Methylation Patterns of Imprinted Regions in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e25590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel W. Coolen ◽  
Aaron L. Statham ◽  
Wenjia Qu ◽  
Megan J. Campbell ◽  
Anjali K. Henders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Methylation Patterns

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

15 LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF MUCOSAL DNA METHYLATION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS SHOWS DISEASE-SPECIFIC CHANGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. S50-S51
Author(s):  
Suresh Venkateswaran ◽  
Varun Kilaru ◽  
Hari Somineni ◽  
Jason Matthews ◽  
Jeffrey Hyams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Longitudinal Evaluation ◽  
Disease Specific
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