Diabetic neuropathies: clinical manifestations and current treatment options

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Vinik ◽  
Jagdeesh Ullal ◽  
Henri K Parson ◽  
Carolina M Casellini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathies

scholarly journals Classifying Hydroceles of the Pelvis and Groin: An Overview of Etiology, Secondary Complications, Evaluation, and Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Dagur ◽  
Jason Gandhi ◽  
Yiji Suh ◽  
Steven Weissbart ◽  
Yefim R. Sheynkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Iatrogenic Trauma ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction: A hydrocele is defined as the pathological buildup of serous fluid in the pelvis and groin due to various etiologies such as diseases or trauma. It has distinct clinical manifestations, particularly discomfort and psychosocial distress. Understanding the anatomy, embryology, and physiology associated with hydrocele formation is crucial to understand its onset and progression. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE® search was conducted using keywords for the relevant classification of hydrocele and its etiology, complications, sexual barriers, evaluation, and management. Results: Appropriately classifying the hydrocele as primary, secondary communicating, secondary noncommunicating, microbe-induced, inflammatory, iatrogenic, trauma-induced, tumor-induced, canal of Nuck, congenital, and giant is important for identifying the underlying etiology. Often this process is overlooked when the classification or etiology is too rare. A focused evaluation is important for this, so that timely management can be provided. We comprehensively review the classifications, etiology, and secondary complications of hydrocele. Pitfalls of current diagnostic techniques are explored along with recommended methods for accurate diagnosis and current treatment options. Conclusion: Due to the range of classifications and etiologies of hydrocele in the pelvis and groin, a deliberate differential diagnosis is essential to avoiding imminent life-threatening complications as well as providing the appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Rybicka ◽  
Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 292 million people worldwide and is associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations including cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the availability of an effective vaccine HBV still causes nearly 900,000 deaths every year. Current treatment options keep HBV under control, but they do not offer a cure as they cannot completely clear HBV from infected hepatocytes. The recent development of reliable cell culture systems allowed for a better understanding of the host and viral mechanisms affecting HBV replication and persistence. Recent advances into the understanding of HBV biology, new potential diagnostic markers of hepatitis B infection, as well as novel antivirals targeting different steps in the HBV replication cycle are summarized in this review article.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of 52 Commercially-Available Essential Oils Against Leishmania amazonensis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianet Monzote ◽  
Isabel Herrera ◽  
Prabodh Satyal ◽  
William Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Leishmania Amazonensis ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Antileishmanial Activities

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by members of the Leishmania genus of parasitic protozoa that cause different clinical manifestations of the disease. Current treatment options for the cutaneous disease are limited due to severe side effects, poor efficacy, limited availability or accessibility, and developing resistance. Essential oils may provide low cost and readily available treatment options for leishmaniasis. In-vitro screening of a collection of 52 commercially available essential oils has been carried out against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. In addition, cytotoxicity has been determined for the essential oils against mouse peritoneal macrophages in order to determine selectivity. Promising essential oils were further screened against intracellular L. amazonensis amastigotes. Three essential oils showed notable antileishmanial activities: frankincense (Boswellia spp.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), and wintergreen (Gualtheria fragrantissima Wall.) with IC50 values against the amastigotes of 22.1 ± 4.2, 19.1 ± 0.7, and 22.2 ± 3.5 μg/mL and a selectivity of 2, 7, and 6, respectively. These essential oils could be explored as topical treatment options for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
Rong Yin ◽  
Deena M Nasr ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Space ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Spinal Epidural

Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVFs) are rare complex lesions often presenting with protean clinical manifestations secondary to compressive symptoms or congestive myelopathy. The imaging manifestations of SEDAVFs on MR angiography/MRI include high T2 signal in the spinal cord, vascular engorgement of the epidural space, and prominent intradural vascular flow voids. Given the complexity of these lesions, they are best characterized anatomically on catheter angiography where careful inspection of arterial feeders and venous drainage patterns can be performed. The imaging hallmark of an SEDAVF on angiography is the presence of a dilated epidural venous pouch through which spinal and paraspinal veins are secondarily opacified. In the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, SEDAVFs are usually located in the ventral epidural space and fed mainly by the anteriorly coursing epidural arteries. In the cervical and upper thoracic spine, SEDAVFs and their feeding arteries are more typically located laterally in the spinal canal. Current treatment options include transarterial or transvenous endovascular embolization with liquid embolic agents or coils, and surgical resection/disconnection of the fistula. Further research is needed to better characterize how and why these lesions form and to identify the best treatment modalities.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Initiation of Clozapine Therapy in a Patient With Preexisting Leukopenia: A Discussion of the Rationale of Current Treatment Options

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Boshes ◽  
Theo Manschreck ◽  
Jean Desrosiers ◽  
Steven Candela ◽  
Meredith Hanrahan-Boshes
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Clozapine Therapy

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS OF THE PANCREAS: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND CURRENT TREATMENT APPROACHES

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-839
Author(s):  
Temuri Morgoshiya
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
By Products

The overview of literature on modem classification issues, diagnostics and treatments of neuroendocrinal tumors of a pancreas is provided. According to modern views all neuroendocrinal tumors of a pancreas having clinical manifestations (in the form of the syndromes caused by products of specific hormones; increases in level of hormones in blood of patients without clinical manifestations; in the form of signs of existence of volume education in various departments of PZh) and/or the researches (more than 5 mm) revealed by means of beam methods are malignant in the biology as they have high potential to innidiation. In article it is shown that a considerable part of neuroendocrinal tumors of a pancreas are nonfunctioning, i.e. not cosecreting various gastrointestinal hormones and polypeptides in blood and thereof not followed characteristic clinical manifestations. It is noted that diagnostics of neuroendocrinal tumors of a pancreas is extremely difficult task on which solution the choice of a method of treatment and its long-term results depends...

Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm to Estimate the Response to Drug in Lung Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 734-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoling Guo ◽  
Qiuxiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Bayes Algorithm

Aim and Objective: Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous cancer, due to the significant differences in molecular levels, resulting in different clinical manifestations of lung cancer patients there is a big difference. Including disease characterization, drug response, the risk of recurrence, survival, etc. Method: Clinical patients with lung cancer do not have yet particularly effective treatment options, while patients with lung cancer resistance not only delayed the treatment cycle but also caused strong side effects. Therefore, if we can sum up the abnormalities of functional level from the molecular level, we can scientifically and effectively evaluate the patients' sensitivity to treatment and make the personalized treatment strategies to avoid the side effects caused by over-treatment and improve the prognosis. Result & Conclusion: According to the different sensitivities of lung cancer patients to drug response, this study screened out genes that were significantly associated with drug resistance. The bayes model was used to assess patient resistance.

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