scholarly journals The fatty acid elongase Bond is essential for Drosophila sex pheromone synthesis and male fertility

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Chin Ng ◽  
Jacqueline S. R. Chin ◽  
Kah Junn Tan ◽  
Joanne Y. Yew
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase

scholarly journals Modulation of fatty acid elongation in cockroaches sustains sexually dimorphic hydrocarbons and female attractiveness

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. e3001330
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jin Pei ◽  
Yong-Liang Fan ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Tian-Tian Bai ◽  
Coby Schal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Contact Sex Pheromone ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific

Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) serve as important intersexual signaling chemicals and generally show variation between the sexes, but little is known about the generation of sexually dimorphic hydrocarbons (SDHCs) in insects. In this study, we report the molecular mechanism and biological significance that underlie the generation of SDHC in the German cockroach Blattella germanica. Sexually mature females possess more C29 CHCs, especially the contact sex pheromone precursor 3,11-DimeC29. RNA interference (RNAi) screen against the fatty acid elongase family members combined with heterologous expression of the genes in yeast revealed that both BgElo12 and BgElo24 were involved in hydrocarbon (HC) production, but BgElo24 is of wide catalytic activities and is able to provide substrates for BgElo12, and only the female-enriched BgElo12 is responsible for sustaining female-specific HC profile. Repressing BgElo12 masculinized the female CHC profile, decreased contact sex pheromone level, and consequently reduced the sexual attractiveness of female cockroaches. Moreover, the asymmetric expression of BgElo12 between the sexes is modulated by sex differentiation cascade. Specifically, male-specific BgDsx represses the transcription of BgElo12 in males, while BgTra is able to remove this effect in females. Our study reveals a novel molecular mechanism responsible for the formation of SDHCs and also provide evidences on shaping of the SDHCs by sexual selection, as females use them to generate high levels of contact sex pheromone.

scholarly journals Modulation of fatty acid elongation generates sexually dimorphic hydrocarbons and female attractiveness in Blattella germanica (L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jin Pei ◽  
Yong-Liang Fan ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Tian-Tian Bai ◽  
Coby Schal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Contact Sex Pheromone ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Pheromone Level ◽  
Cockroach Blattella Germanica

Insect cuticular compounds serve multiple functions. As important intersexual signaling chemicals, they show variation between the sexes, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that sexually dimorphic hydrocarbons (SDHCs) are generated by a fatty acid elongase gene that is regulated by sex-differentiation genes in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Sexually mature females possess more C29 cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), especially the contact sex pheromone precursor 3,11-DimeC29. An RNAi screen and heterologous expression revealed that BgElo12 and BgElo24 were involved in HC production, but only BgElo12 was responsible for SDHCs. Repressing female-enriched BgElo12 masculinized the female CHC profile, decreased contact sex pheromone level, and reduced the female sexual attractiveness. Moreover, RNAi of the sex-differentiation genes BgTra or BgDsx modulated both BgElo12 transcripts and CHC profiles in females and males. The SDHCs are shaped by sexual selection, as females use them to keep high levels of sex pheromone.

scholarly journals Integrated lipidomics and proteomics reveal cardiolipin alterations, upregulation of HADHA and long chain fatty acids in pancreatic cancer stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Di Carlo ◽  
Bebiana C. Sousa ◽  
Marcello Manfredi ◽  
Jessica Brandi ◽  
Elisa Dalla Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractPancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) play a key role in the aggressiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC); however, little is known about their signaling and metabolic pathways. Here we show that PCSCs have specific and common proteome and lipidome modulations. PCSCs displayed downregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A chain, and upregulation of trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha. The upregulated proteins of PCSCs are mainly involved in fatty acid (FA) elongation and biosynthesis of unsaturated FAs. Accordingly, lipidomics reveals an increase in long and very long-chain unsaturated FAs, which are products of fatty acid elongase-5 predicted as a key gene. Moreover, lipidomics showed the induction in PCSCs of molecular species of cardiolipin with mixed incorporation of 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acyl chains. Our data indicate a crucial role of FA elongation and alteration in cardiolipin acyl chain composition in PCSCs, representing attractive therapeutic targets in PDAC.

scholarly journals Two Italian Patients with ELOVL4-Related Neuro-Ichthyosis:  Expanding the Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectrum and Ultrastructural Characterization

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Andrea Diociaiuti ◽  
Diego Martinelli ◽  
Francesco Nicita ◽  
Claudia Cesario ◽  
Elisa Pisaneschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Macular Dystrophy ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Spastic Quadriplegia ◽  
Long Chain

Elongation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid-4 (ELOVL4) is a fatty acid elongase responsible for very long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in the brain, retina, and skin. Heterozygous mutations in ELOVL4 gene cause Stargardt-like macular dystrophy and spinocerebellar ataxia type-34, while different homozygous mutations have been associated with ichthyosis, spastic quadriplegia, and mental retardation syndrome in three kindred. We report the first two Italian children affected with neuro-ichthyosis due to the previously undescribed ELOVL4 homozygous frameshift variant c.435dupT (p.Ile146TyrfsTer29), and compound heterozygous variants c.208C>T (p.Arg70Ter) and c.487T>C (p.Cys163Arg), respectively. Both patients were born with collodion membrane followed by development of diffuse mild hyperkeratosis and scaling, localized erythema, and palmoplantar keratoderma. One infant displayed mild facial dysmorphism. They suffered from failure to thrive, and severe gastro-esophageal reflux with pulmonary aspiration. The patients presented axial hypotonia, hypertonia of limbs, and absent head control with poor eye contact from infancy. Visual evoked potentials showed markedly increased latency and poor morphological definition, indicative of alteration of the retro-retinal visual pathways in both patients. Ultrastructural skin examination revealed abnormalities of lamellar bodies with altered release in the epidermal granular and horny layer intracellular spaces. Our findings contribute to expanding the phenotypic and genotypic features of ELOVL4-related neuro-ichthyosis.

scholarly journals An evolutionary perspective on Elovl5 fatty acid elongase: comparison of Northern pike and duplicated paralogs from Atlantic salmon

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Carmona-Antoñanzas ◽  
Douglas R Tocher ◽  
John B Taggart ◽  
Michael J Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase

scholarly journals Tissue-specific cis-regulatory divergence implicates a fatty acid elongase necessary for inhibiting interspecies mating in Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Combs ◽  
Joshua J. Krupp ◽  
Neil M. Khosla ◽  
Dennis Bua ◽  
Dmitri A. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractPheromones known as cuticular hydrocarbons are a major component of reproductive isolation in Drosophila. Individuals from morphologically similar sister species produce different sets of hydrocarbons that allow potential mates to identify them as a suitable partner. In order to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying speciation, we performed RNA-seq in F1 hybrids to measure tissue-specific cis-regulatory divergence between the sister species D. simulans and D. sechellia. By focusing on cis-regulatory changes specific to female oenocytes, we rapidly identified a small number of candidate genes. We found that one of these, the fatty acid elongase eloF, broadly affects both the complement of hydrocarbons present on D. sechellia females and the propensity of D. simulans males to mate with those females. In addition, knockdown of eloF in the more distantly related D. melanogaster led to a similar shift in hydrocarbons as well as lower interspecific mate discrimination by D. simulans males. Thus, cis-regulatory changes in eloF appear to be a major driver in the sexual isolation of D. simulans from multiple other species. More generally, our RNA-seq approach proved to be far more efficient than QTL mapping in identifying candidate genes; the same framework can be used to pinpoint cis-regulatory drivers of divergence in a wide range of traits differing between any interfertile species.

scholarly journals Reduced chain length in myelin sphingolipids and poorer motor coordination in mice deficient in the fatty acid elongase Elovl1

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 747-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Isokawa ◽  
Takayuki Sassa ◽  
Satoko Hattori ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyakawa ◽  
Akio Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase
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