scholarly journals Craniometric analysis of European Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic samples supports discontinuity at the Last Glacial Maximum

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán Brewster ◽  
Christopher Meiklejohn ◽  
Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel ◽  
Ron Pinhasi
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Craniometric Analysis ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The Late Upper Palaeolithic Occupation of the Moroccan Northwest Maghreb During the Last Glacial Maximum

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. E. Barton ◽  
A. Bouzouggar ◽  
S. N. Collcutt ◽  
R. Gale ◽  
T. F. G. Higham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Late Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The new Upper Palaeolithic site Korman’ 9 in the Middle Dniester valley (Ukraine): Human occupation during the Last Glacial Maximum

2021 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 230-250
Author(s):  
Larissa Kulakovska ◽  
Olesia Kononenko ◽  
Paul Haesaerts ◽  
Stéphane Pirson ◽  
Pía Spry-Marqués ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Studenoe-2 and the origins of microblade technologies in the Transbaikal, Siberia

Antiquity ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (285) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Goebel ◽  
Michael R. Waters ◽  
Ian Buvit ◽  
Mikhail V. Konstantinov ◽  
Aleksander V. Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Analysis and dating of new Upper Palaeolithic sites suggest that microblades emerged in the Transbaikal after 18,000 years ago. These findings encourage review of earlier assertions that such technologies developed in northeast Asia prior to the last glacial maximum.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259089
Author(s):  
João Zilhão ◽  
Diego E. Angelucci ◽  
Lee J. Arnold ◽  
Francesco d’Errico ◽  
Laure Dayet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial ◽  
Early Upper

Gruta do Caldeirão features a c. 6 m-thick archaeological stratification capped by Holocene layers ABC-D and Ea, which overlie layer Eb, a deposit of Magdalenian age that underwent significant disturbance, intrusion, and component mixing caused by funerary use of the cave during the Early Neolithic. Here, we provide an updated overview of the stratigraphy and archaeological content of the underlying Pleistocene succession, whose chronology we refine using radiocarbon and single-grain optically stimulated luminescence dating. We find a high degree of stratigraphic integrity. Dating anomalies exist in association with the succession’s two major discontinuities: between layer Eb and Upper Solutrean layer Fa, and between Early Upper Palaeolithic layer K and Middle Palaeolithic layer L. Mostly, the anomalies consist of older-than-expected radiocarbon ages and can be explained by bioturbation and palimpsest-forming sedimentation hiatuses. Combined with palaeoenvironmental inferences derived from magnetic susceptibility analyses, the dating shows that sedimentation rates varied in tandem with the oscillations in global climate revealed by the Greenland oxygen isotope record. A steep increase in sedimentation rate is observed through the Last Glacial Maximum, resulting in a c. 1.5 m-thick accumulation containing conspicuous remains of occupation by people of the Solutrean technocomplex, whose traditional subdivision is corroborated: the index fossils appear in the expected stratigraphic order; the diagnostics of the Protosolutrean and the Lower Solutrean predate 24,000 years ago; and the constraints on the Upper Solutrean place it after Greenland Interstadial 2.2. (23,220–23,340 years ago). Human usage of the site during the Early Upper and the Middle Palaeolithic is episodic and low-intensity: stone tools are few, and the faunal remains relate to carnivore activity. The Middle Palaeolithic is found to persist beyond 39,000 years ago, at least three millennia longer than in the Franco-Cantabrian region. This conclusion is upheld by Bayesian modelling and stands even if the radiocarbon ages for the Middle Palaeolithic levels are removed from consideration (on account of observed inversions and the method’s potential for underestimation when used close to its limit of applicability). A number of localities in Spain and Portugal reveal a similar persistence pattern. The key evidence comes from high-resolution fluviatile contexts spared by the site formation issues that our study of Caldeirão brings to light—palimpsest formation, post-depositional disturbance, and erosion. These processes. are ubiquitous in the cave and rock-shelter sites of Iberia, reflecting the impact on karst archives of the variation in climate and environments that occurred through the Upper Pleistocene, and especially at two key points in time: between 37,000 and 42,000 years ago, and after the Last Glacial Maximum. Such empirical difficulties go a long way towards explaining the controversies surrounding the associated cultural transitions: from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic, and from the Solutrean to the Magdalenian. Alongside potential dating error caused by incomplete decontamination, proper consideration of sample association issues is required if we are ever to fully understand what happened with the human settlement of Iberia during these critical intervals, and especially so with regards to the fate of Iberia’s last Neandertal populations.

Late Glacial prehistory of central and southern Portugal

Antiquity ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (257) ◽  
pp. 761-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Ferreira Bicho
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Very little is known of the Upper Palaeolithic of Portugal, although it has been assumed to have the same general characteristics as elsewhere in southwestern Europe. New evidence suggests clear technological distinctions between Portugal and other areas of southwestern Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum, c. 18,000 (uncalibrated) years ago, and allows an initial synthesis for Portuguese Late Glacial prehistory, 16,000-8500 b.p.

Reconstructions of the past distribution of Testudo graeca mitochondrial lineages in the Middle East and Transcaucasia support multiple refugia since the Last Glacial Maximum

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Oguz Turkozan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Multiple Refugia ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

A cycle of glacial and interglacial periods in the Quaternary caused species’ ranges to expand and contract in response to climatic and environmental changes. During interglacial periods, many species expanded their distribution ranges from refugia into higher elevations and latitudes. In the present work, we projected the responses of the five lineages of Testudo graeca in the Middle East and Transcaucasia as the climate shifted from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, Mid – Holocene), to the present. Under the past LGM and Mid-Holocene bioclimatic conditions, models predicted relatively more suitable habitats for some of the lineages. The most significant bioclimatic variables in predicting the present and past potential distribution of clades are the precipitation of the warmest quarter for T. g. armeniaca (95.8 %), precipitation seasonality for T. g. buxtoni (85.0 %), minimum temperature of the coldest month for T. g. ibera (75.4 %), precipitation of the coldest quarter for T. g. terrestris (34.1 %), and the mean temperature of the driest quarter for T. g. zarudyni (88.8 %). Since the LGM, we hypothesise that the ranges of lineages have either expanded (T. g. ibera), contracted (T. g. zarudnyi) or remained stable (T. g. terrestris), and for other two taxa (T. g. armeniaca and T. g. buxtoni) the pattern remains unclear. Our analysis predicts multiple refugia for Testudo during the LGM and supports previous hypotheses about high lineage richness in Anatolia resulting from secondary contact.

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