scholarly journals Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Schnorr ◽  
Marco Candela ◽  
Simone Rampelli ◽  
Manuela Centanni ◽  
Clarissa Consolandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Hunter Gatherers

scholarly journals Traditional Human Populations and Nonhuman Primates Show Parallel Gut Microbiome Adaptations to Analogous Ecological Conditions

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e00815-20
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Sharma ◽  
Klara Petrzelkova ◽  
Barbora Pafco ◽  
Carolyn A. Jost Robinson ◽  
Terence Fuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Western Lowland Gorilla ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Niche

ABSTRACTCompared with urban-industrial populations, small-scale human communities worldwide share a significant number of gut microbiome traits with nonhuman primates. This overlap is thought to be driven by analogous dietary triggers; however, the ecological and functional bases of this similarity are not fully understood. To start addressing this issue, fecal metagenomes of BaAka hunter-gatherers and traditional Bantu agriculturalists from the Central African Republic were profiled and compared with those of a sympatric western lowland gorilla group (Gorillagorilla gorilla) across two seasons of variable dietary intake. Results show that gorilla gut microbiomes shared similar functional traits with each human group, depending on seasonal dietary behavior. Specifically, parallel microbiome traits were observed between hunter-gatherers and gorillas when the latter consumed more structural polysaccharides during dry seasons, while small-scale agriculturalist and gorilla microbiomes showed significant functional overlap when gorillas consumed more seasonal ripe fruit during wet seasons. Notably, dominance of microbial transporters, transduction systems, and gut xenobiotic metabolism was observed in association with traditional agriculture and energy-dense diets in gorillas at the expense of a functional microbiome repertoire capable of metabolizing more complex polysaccharides. Differential abundance of bacterial taxa that typically distinguish traditional from industrialized human populations (e.g., Prevotella spp.) was also recapitulated in the human and gorilla groups studied, possibly reflecting the degree of polysaccharide complexity included in each group’s dietary niche. These results show conserved functional gut microbiome adaptations to analogous diets in small-scale human populations and nonhuman primates, highlighting the role of plant dietary polysaccharides and diverse environmental exposures in this convergence.IMPORTANCE The results of this study highlight parallel gut microbiome traits in human and nonhuman primates, depending on subsistence strategy. Although these similarities have been reported before, the functional and ecological bases of this convergence are not fully understood. Here, we show that this parallelism is, in part, likely modulated by the complexity of plant carbohydrates consumed and by exposures to diverse xenobiotics of natural and artificial origin. Furthermore, we discuss how divergence from these parallel microbiome traits is typically associated with adverse health outcomes in human populations living under culturally westernized subsistence patterns. This is important information as we trace the specific dietary and environmental triggers associated with the loss and gain of microbial functions as humans adapt to various dietary niches.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Functional and Taxonomic Diversity within an Amazonian semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Conteville ◽  
J Oliveira-Ferreira ◽  
AC Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
South American ◽  
Traditional Group ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractBackgroundHuman gut microbiome profiles have been associated with human health and disease. These profiles have been defined based on microbes’ taxonomy and more recently, on their functionality. Human groups that still maintain traditional modes of subsistence (hunter-gatherers and rural agriculturalists) represent the groups non-impacted by urban-industrialized lifestyles, and therefore study them provide the basis for understanding the human microbiome evolution. The Yanomami is the largest semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer group of the Americas, exploring different niches of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil and Venezuela. In order to extend the analysis of this unique and diverse group, we focused on the gut microbiome of the Yanomami from Brazil and compared with those from Venezuela, and also with other traditional groups from the Amazon, considering taxonomic and functional profiles.ResultsA diversity of taxonomic biomarkers were identified to each South American traditional group studied, including the two Yanomami groups, despite their overall similarity in the taxonomic gut microbiome profiles. Broader levels of functional categories poorly discriminated traditional and urban-industrialized groups. Interestingly, a diversity was observed with the stratification of these categories, clearly segregating those groups. The Yanomami/Brazil gut microbiome presented unique functional features, such as a higher abundance of gene families involved in regulation/cell signaling, motility/chemotaxis, and virulence, contrasting with the microbiomes from the Yanomami/Venezuela and other groups.ConclusionsOur study revealed biomarkers, taxonomic and functional differences between the gut microbiome of Yanomami/Brazil and Yanomami/Venezuela individuals. This intra-Yanomami group diversity was accessed due to the increase number of individuals and group studied. These differences may reflect their semi-nomadic behavior, as well as, the local and seasonal diversity of the vast rainforest niche they explore, despite their shared cultural and genetic background. Overall, their microbiome profiles are shared with South American and African traditional groups, probably due to their lifestyle. The unique features identified within the Yanomami highlight the bias imposed by underrepresented sampling, and factors such as variations over space and time (seasonality) that impact, mainly, the hunter-gatherers. Therefore, to reach knowledge about human microbiome variations and their implications in human health, it is essential to enlarge data concerning the number of individuals, as well as the groups representing different lifestyles.

scholarly journals Seasonal cycling in the gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 357 (6353) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Smits ◽  
Jeff Leach ◽  
Erica D. Sonnenburg ◽  
Carlos G. Gonzalez ◽  
Joshua S. Lichtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Hunter Gatherers

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome in Western and Indigenous Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Das ◽  
Tahila Andrighettti ◽  
João Sabino ◽  
Tamas Korcsmaros ◽  
Mojibur Rohman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

The mammalian gut ecosystem plays critical roles in multiple functions related to health and homeostasis. In many cases, disturbances in the gut ecosystem are associated with a large number of metabolic and chronic diseases and disorders such as diabetes, cancer, and obesity. A diverse community of microorganisms ranging from viruses to bacteria comprise the gut microbiota, which is often considered as an organ in itself. Recent studies have profiled the influence of lifestyles and dietary behavior by comparing the gut microbiome of populations with different cultural underpinnings. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies which report the influence on the gut microbial composition of dietary and lifestyle patterns in different contexts such as western industrialized countries and indigenous cultures (corresponding to different lifestyle gradients such as hunter-gatherers and pastoralists) and how this association may influence health and disease.

scholarly journals Comment on “Seasonal cycling in the gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Schnorr ◽  
Marco Candela ◽  
Simone Rampelli ◽  
Silvia Turroni ◽  
Amanda G. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Seasonal Volatility

AbstractIn a recent paper, Smits et al. (Science, 25 August 2017, p. 802) report on seasonal changes in the gut microbiome of Hadza hunter-gatherers. They argue that seasonal volatility of some bacterial taxa corresponds to seasonal dietary changes. We address the authors’ insufficient reporting of relevant data and problematic areas in their assumptions about Hadza diet that yield inconsistencies in their results and interpretations.

scholarly journals Ecological and evolutionary adaptations shape the gut microbiome of BaAka African rainforest hunter-gatherers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Gomez ◽  
Klara Petrzelkova ◽  
Carl J Yeoman ◽  
Micahel B Burns ◽  
Katherine R Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Impacts ◽  
Pathogen Load ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Potential Pathogenicity

The gut microbiome provides access to otherwise unavailable metabolic and immune functions, likely affecting mammalian fitness and evolution. To investigate how this microbial ecosystem impacts evolutionary adaptation of humans to particular habitats, we explore the gut microbiome and metabolome of the BaAka rainforest hunter-gatherers from Central Africa. The data demonstrate that the BaAka harbor a colonic ecosystem dominated by Prevotellaceae and other taxa likely related to an increased capacity to metabolize plant structural polysaccharides, phenolics, and lipids. A comparative analysis shows that the BaAka gut microbiome shares similar patterns with that of the Hadza, another hunter-gatherer population from Tanzania. Nevertheless, the BaAka harbor significantly higher bacterial diversity and pathogen load compared to the Hadza, as well as other Western populations. We show that the traits unique to the BaAka microbiome and metabolome likely reflect adaptations to hunter-gatherer lifestyles and particular subsistence patterns. We hypothesize that the observed increase in microbial diversity and potential pathogenicity in the BaAka microbiome has been facilitated by evolutionary adaptations in immunity genes, resulting in a more tolerant immune system.

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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