National post-2020 greenhouse gas targets and diversity-aware leadership

<p>The concept of net zero emissions is now a central element of government and business commitments to addressing climate change, with more net zero policies and pledges being rolled out on an almost daily basis. However, of major concern is the limited awareness of how critical the emissions reduction pathway is in achieving desired climate outcomes. The focus of the climate policy community remains on the target date rather than the path to get there, and net zero "by 2050" is considered by many as the required policy characteristic in achieving temperature targets. Ultimately, the rate and magnitude of future warming relies on the amount, type, and timing of greenhouse gas emissions. Based on different combinations of these factors, it is both possible to succeed or fail in achieving temperature goals even if the global community reaches net zero by 2050. For similar reasons, it is also possible to miss the net zero by 2050 target and still succeed in meeting temperature goals. Therefore, it is important to clarify the role of the decarbonization pathway taken and offer recommendations to ensure that net zero pathways succeed in achieving global climate goals. In this analysis, we show how different net zero paths can lead to a range of temperature outcomes, and how we can strengthen the probability of meeting globally agreed upon climate goals by establishing complementary near-term targets. Key components of ensuring success in achieving temperature targets include incorporating a carbon dioxide budget and acting early to reduce methane emissions. Not only do these actions make achieving our goals more likely, but they also make the path forward more affordable and less dependent on technology not yet available at scale. Overall, improved understanding of the role of the path to net zero would create greater flexibility in effectively fulfilling commitments; open opportunities for trading across groups of greenhouse gases with no loss in climate benefits; and make it easier and cheaper to accomplish corporate and government goals.</p>

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Path to net zero is critical to climate outcome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01639-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tianyi Sun ◽

Ilissa B. Ocko ◽

Elizabeth Sturcken ◽

Steven P. Hamburg

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Central Element ◽

Standard Format ◽

Early Action ◽

Net Zero ◽

Climate Action ◽

Nationally Determined Contributions ◽

Gas Targets

AbstractNet zero greenhouse gas targets have become a central element for climate action. However, most company and government pledges focus on the year that net zero is reached, with limited awareness of how critical the emissions pathway is in determining the climate outcome in both the near- and long-term. Here we show that different pathways of carbon dioxide and methane—the most prominent long-lived and short-lived greenhouse gases, respectively—can lead to nearly 0.4 °C of warming difference in midcentury and potential overshoot of the 2 °C target, even if they technically reach global net zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2050. While all paths achieve the Paris Agreement temperature goals in the long-term, there is still a 0.2 °C difference by end-of-century. We find that early action to reduce both emissions of carbon dioxide and methane simultaneously leads to the best climate outcomes over all timescales. We therefore recommend that companies and countries supplement net zero targets with a two-basket set of interim milestones to ensure that early action is taken for both carbon dioxide and methane. A one-basket approach, such as the standard format for Nationally Determined Contributions, is not sufficient because it can lead to a delay in methane mitigation.

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Implikasi Hukum Paris Agreement Melalui Program REDD+ Berbasis Blue Carbon Di Indonesia

Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) ◽

10.24843/jmhu.2019.v08.i02.p03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Elda Sofia

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Kyoto Protocol ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Emissions Reductions ◽

Common But Differentiated Responsibilities ◽

Legal Implications ◽

Forestry Sector ◽

The Government ◽

Gas Targets

To replace the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC post-2020 the Participating Countries of UNFCCC made a new commitment namely Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC. Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement to become its national law. In Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC, all Countries should reduce greenhouse gas/GHG emissions following the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. GHG emissions reductions obligations are set out in a nationally determined contribution/NDC. Within the NDC, Indonesia achieves emission reduction greenhouse gas targets up to 29% on its own and up 41% with international assistance. GHG emissions reductions through the forestry sectors are key sectors in NDC Indonesia at 17.2%. Using the method of normative research through an approach to legislation. After ratified of Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC brings legal implications for Indonesia namely the establishment of the laws on REDD+ in the forestry sector. Efforts made by the government of Indonesia is the establishment of the laws on REDD+. It has found the legal problem which can be a factor inhibiting the achievement of NDC target consisting of law enforcement, legal certainty of forest area. It is suggested that the Government of Indonesia makes regulation on mangrove forest. Untuk menggantikan Kyoto Protocol pasca 2020 Negara Peserta UNFCCC membuat komitmen baru yaitu Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC. Indonesia telah meratifikasi Paris Agreement menjadi hukum nasional. Di dalam Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC, semua negara diberikan kewajiban untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca sesuai dengan prinsip common but differentiated responsibilities. Kewajiban pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca ditetapkan dalam nationally determined contribution/NDC. Di dalam NDC, Indonesia mempunyai target untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca sebesar 29% dengan usaha sendiri dan sampai dengan 41% dengan bantuan internasional. Pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca melalui sektor kehutanan adalah sektor utama dalam NDC Indonesia yaitu sebesar 17.2%. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yaitu melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan. Pasca diratifikasinya Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC membawa implikasi hukum bagi Indonesia yaitu dibentuknya sejumlah peraturan-peraturan terkait REDD+ di sektor kehutanan. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengimplementasikan Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC sektor kehutanan adalah membentuk sejumlah peraturan-peraturan hukum terkait REDD+. Persoalan-persoalan hukum yang ditemui menjadi faktor penghambat tercapainya target NDC Indonesia yaitu penegakan hukum, kepastian hukum kawasan hutan. Disarankan agar dibentuknya regulasi tentang perlindungan terhadap hutan mangrove.

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