scholarly journals Climate velocity and the future global redistribution of marine biodiversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge García Molinos ◽  
Benjamin S. Halpern ◽  
David S. Schoeman ◽  
Christopher J. Brown ◽  
Wolfgang Kiessling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Climate Velocity

scholarly journals The future of marine biodiversity and marine ecosystem functioning in UK coastal and territorial waters (including UK Overseas Territories) – with an emphasis on marine macrophyte communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frithjof C. Küpper ◽  
Nicholas A. Kamenos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Future ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning – including seaweed communities – in the territorial waters of the UK and its Overseas Territories are facing unprecedented pressures. Key stressors are changes in ecosystem functioning due to biodiversity loss caused by ocean warming (species replacement and migration, e.g. affecting kelp forests), sea level rise (e.g. loss of habitats including salt marshes), plastic pollution (e.g. entanglement and ingestion), alien species with increasing numbers of alien seaweeds (e.g. outcompeting native species and parasite transmission), overexploitation (e.g. loss of energy supply further up the food web), habitat destruction (e.g. loss of nursery areas for commercially important species) and ocean acidification (e.g. skeletal weakening of ecosystem engineers including coralline algal beds). These stressors are currently affecting biodiversity, and their impact can be projected for the future. All stressors may act alone or in synergy. Marine biodiversity provides crucial goods and services. Climate change and biodiversity loss pose new challenges for legislation. In particular, there are implications of climate change for the designation and management of Marine Protected Areas and natural carbon storage by marine systems to help control the global climate system. The UK currently has legal obligations to protect biodiversity under international and European law.

scholarly journals Incorporating climate velocity into the design of climate-smart networks of protected areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Arafeh-Dalmau ◽  
Isaac Brito-Morales ◽  
David S. Schoeman ◽  
Hugh P. Possingham ◽  
Carissa J. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Climate Velocity ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Design Cost

Climate change is redistributing terrestrial and marine biodiversity and altering fundamental ecological interactions. To adequately conserve biodiversity and promote its long-term persistence, protected areas should account for the ecological implications of species redistribution. Data paucity across many systems means that achieving this goal requires generic metrics that represent likely responses of multiple taxa to climate change. Climate velocity is one such metric, reflecting potential species range shifts at a generic level. Here, we explore four approaches to incorporating climate velocity metrics into the design of protected areas using the Mediterranean Sea as an illustrative example. Our methods are designed to meet two climate-smart planning objectives: 1) protect climate refugia by selecting slow-moving climate velocity areas, and 2) maintain the capacity of ecological systems to adapt by representing a suite of climate-velocity trajectory classes. We found that incorporating climate velocity as a cost measure in Marxan is the best approach for selecting slower-moving areas, which are good indicators of climate refugia. However, this approach fails to accommodate socio-economic cost data, and is probably impractical. Incorporating climate velocity as a boundary or as a feature provides both selection of slower-moving areas and solutions with lower socio-economic cost. Finally, we were able to design cost-effective networks of protected areas representing a suite of climate-velocity trajectories classes, which have the potential to help species adapt to a changing climate. This work presents simple and practical ways of including climate velocity in conservation plans on land and in the ocean to achieve the key climate-smart objectives of protecting climate refugia and enhancing ecological resilience.

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Status of the Lick Proper Motion Program

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
A. R. Klemola
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
The Future

Second-epoch photographs have now been obtained for nearly 850 of the 1246 fields of the proper motion program with centers at declination -20° and northwards. For the sky at 0° and northward only 130 fields remain to be taken in the next year or two. The 270 southern fields with centers at -5° to -20° remain for the future.

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