Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under climate change

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Jenouvrier ◽  
Marika Holland ◽  
Julienne Stroeve ◽  
Mark Serreze ◽  
Christophe Barbraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emperor Penguin

scholarly journals Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population: analysis of coupled demographic and climate models

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2756-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Jenouvrier ◽  
Marika Holland ◽  
Julienne Stroeve ◽  
Christophe Barbraud ◽  
Henri Weimerskirch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Emperor Penguin

scholarly journals The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Jenouvrier ◽  
Che‐Castaldo Judy ◽  
Shaye Wolf ◽  
Marika Holland ◽  
Sara Labrousse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Legal Responses

scholarly journals Influence of dispersal processes on the global dynamics of Emperor penguin, a species threatened by climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Jenouvrier ◽  
Jimmy Garnier ◽  
Florian Patout ◽  
Laurent Desvillettes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Global Dynamics

scholarly journals Climate change effects on emperor penguins

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Casilda Saavedra ◽  
Taibah Alhatem
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Ice Coverage ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mother Earth

Climate change is one of the major issues affecting our mother Earth. The change in climate include both the change intemperature and the change in precipitation. Both of these parameters are very crucial to animals and plants where they depend onthem for their survival. Climate change has so many negative impacts on the biodiversity of the Earth especially in the Arctic andAntarctic continents. The rise in temperature decreases the ice coverage which in return reduces the population of the wildlife. Theice coverage is crucial to the biodiversity living in Antarctica where they depend on it for their survival. It’s very important for theirfeeding, breeding, and habitat. However, with the reduction of ice, many animals are becoming close to extinction. One of thosespecies that were negatively impacted by climate change is emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri). These penguins require verylow temperatures in order to breed and populate. Very high temperatures for these penguins could result in decreased population ratearound Antarctica. An analysis was done of emperor penguin population data found in different research papers in conjunction withtemperature anomalies data in Antarctica from 1983 to 2005 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).The results indicated that there was an inverse relationship between the temperature and the penguin’s population. It was shownthrough the analysis conducted that the temperature impacted the penguins negatively throughout the years since the temperaturewas rising. It decreased their breeding population and chicks count dramatically in all the parts of Antarctica tested.

scholarly journals Significant chick loss after early fast ice breakup at a high-latitude emperor penguin colony

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie E. Schmidt ◽  
Grant Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
Fast Ice

AbstractEmperor penguins require stable fast ice, sea ice anchored to land or ice shelves, on which to lay eggs and raise chicks. As the climate warms, changes in sea ice are expected to lead to substantial declines at many emperor penguin colonies. The most southerly colonies have been predicted to remain buffered from the direct impacts of warming for much longer. Here, we report on the unusually early breakup of fast ice at one of the two southernmost emperor penguin colonies, Cape Crozier (77.5°S), in 2018, an event that may have resulted in a substantial loss of chicks from the colony. Fast ice dynamics can be highly variable and dependent on local conditions, but earlier fast ice breakup, influenced by increasing wind speed, as well as higher surface air temperatures, is a likely outcome of climate change. What we observed at Cape Crozier in 2018 highlights the vulnerability of this species to untimely storm events and could be an early sign that even this high-latitude colony is not immune to the effects of warming. Long-term monitoring will be key to understanding this species' response to climate change and altered sea ice dynamics.

scholarly journals Detecting climate signals in populations across life histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Jenouvrier ◽  
Matthew C. Long ◽  
Christophe Coste ◽  
Marika Holland ◽  
Marlène Gamelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Climate Signals

Climate impacts are not always easily discerned in wild populations as climate change occurs in the context of natural variability. Furthermore, species responses to climate change and variability differ among life histories. The time of emergence (ToE) identifies when the signal of anthropogenic climate change can be quantitatively distinguished from noise associated with natural variability. This concept has been applied extensively in the climate sciences, but has not yet formally been explored in the context of population dynamics. Here, we present a theoretical assessment of the ToE of climate-driven signals in population dynamics (ToEpop) to detect climate signals in populations. We identify the dependence of ToEpop on the magnitude of climate trends and variability and explore the demographic controls on ToEpop. We demonstrate that different life histories (fast species vs. slow species), demographic processes (survival, reproduction) and functional relationships between climate and demographic rates, yield population dynamics that filter trends and variability in climate differently. We illustrate empirically how to detect the point in time when anthropogenic signals in populations emerge from the envelope of natural variability for a species threatened by climate change: the emperor penguin. Finally, we propose six testable hypotheses and a road map for future research.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

Climate change and breeding success: decline of the capercaillie in Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moss ◽  
James Oswald ◽  
David Baines
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success
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