Human-induced global ocean warming on multidecadal timescales

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 524-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gleckler ◽  
B. D. Santer ◽  
C. M. Domingues ◽  
D. W. Pierce ◽  
T. P. Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Global Ocean

scholarly journals 20th century cooling of the deep ocean contributed to delayed acceleration of Earth’s energy imbalance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bagnell ◽  
T. DeVries
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Reconstructions

AbstractThe historical evolution of Earth’s energy imbalance can be quantified by changes in the global ocean heat content. However, historical reconstructions of ocean heat content often neglect a large volume of the deep ocean, due to sparse observations of ocean temperatures below 2000 m. Here, we provide a global reconstruction of historical changes in full-depth ocean heat content based on interpolated subsurface temperature data using an autoregressive artificial neural network, providing estimates of total ocean warming for the period 1946-2019. We find that cooling of the deep ocean and a small heat gain in the upper ocean led to no robust trend in global ocean heat content from 1960-1990, implying a roughly balanced Earth energy budget within −0.16 to 0.06 W m−2 over most of the latter half of the 20th century. However, the past three decades have seen a rapid acceleration in ocean warming, with the entire ocean warming from top to bottom at a rate of 0.63 ± 0.13 W m−2. These results suggest a delayed onset of a positive Earth energy imbalance relative to previous estimates, although large uncertainties remain.

Global Ocean Warming

Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 287 (5461) ◽  
pp. 2113a-2113
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Global Ocean

scholarly journals Organ health and development in larval kingfish are unaffected by ocean acidification and warming

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Y. Frommel ◽  
Colin J. Brauner ◽  
Bridie J.M. Allan ◽  
Simon Nicol ◽  
Darren M. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are causing global ocean warming and ocean acidification. The early life stages of some marine fish are vulnerable to elevated ocean temperatures and CO2 concentrations, with lowered survival and growth rates most frequently documented. Underlying these effects, damage to different organs has been found as a response to elevated CO2 in larvae of several species of marine fish, yet the combined effects of acidification and warming on organ health are unknown. Yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, a circumglobal subtropical pelagic fish of high commercial and recreational value, were reared from fertilization under control (21 °C) and elevated (25 °C) temperature conditions fully crossed with control (500 µatm) and elevated (1,000 µatm) pCO2 conditions. Larvae were sampled at 11 days and 21 days post hatch for histological analysis of the eye, gills, gut, liver, pancreas, kidney and liver. Previous work found elevated temperature, but not elevated CO2, significantly reduced larval kingfish survival while increasing growth and developmental rate. The current histological analysis aimed to determine whether there were additional sublethal effects on organ condition and development and whether underlying organ damage could be responsible for the documented effects of temperature on survivorship. While damage to different organs was found in a number of larvae, these effects were not related to temperature and/or CO2 treatment. We conclude that kingfish larvae are generally vulnerable during organogenesis of the digestive system in their early development, but that this will not be exacerbated by near-future ocean warming and acidification.

scholarly journals 2018 Continues Record Global Ocean Warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Cheng ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
John Abraham ◽  
Kevin E. Trenberth ◽  
John T. Fasullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Global Ocean

135 years of global ocean warming between the Challenger expedition and the Argo Programme

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Roemmich ◽  
W. John Gould ◽  
John Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Global Ocean

scholarly journals Calcium carbonate production response to future ocean warming and acidification

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11863-11897
Author(s):  
A. J. Pinsonneault ◽  
H. D. Matthews ◽  
E. D. Galbraith ◽  
A. Schmittner
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are acidifying the ocean, affecting calcification rates in pelagic organisms and thereby modifying the oceanic alkalinity cycle. However, the responses of pelagic calcifying organisms to acidification vary widely between species, contributing uncertainty to predictions of atmospheric CO2 and the resulting climate change. Meanwhile, ocean warming caused by rising CO2 is expected to drive increased growth rates of all pelagic organisms, including calcifiers. It thus remains unclear whether anthropogenic CO2 will ultimately increase or decrease the globally-integrated pelagic calcification rate. Here, we assess the importance of this uncertainty by introducing a variable dependence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production on calcite saturation state (ΩCaCO3) in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, an intermediate complexity coupled carbon-climate model. In a series of model simulations, we examine the impact of this parameterization on global ocean carbon cycling under two CO2 emissions scenarios, both integrated to the year 3500. The simulations show a significant sensitivity of the vertical and surface horizontal alkalinity gradients to the parameterization, as well as the removal of alkalinity from the ocean through CaCO3 burial. These sensitivities result in an additional oceanic uptake of carbon when calcification depends on ΩCaCO3 (of up to 13 % of total carbon emissions), compared to the case where calcification is insensitive to acidification. In turn, this response causes a reduction of global surface air temperature of up to 0.4 °C in year 3500, a 13 % reduction in the amplitude of warming. Narrowing these uncertainties will require better understanding of both temperature and acidification effects on pelagic calcifiers. Preliminary examination suggests that alkalinity observations can be used to constrain the range of uncertainties and may exclude large sensitivities of CaCO3 production on ΩCaCO3.

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