Severe tissue damage in Atlantic cod larvae under increasing ocean acidification

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Y. Frommel ◽  
Rommel Maneja ◽  
David Lowe ◽  
Arne M. Malzahn ◽  
Audrey J. Geffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Atlantic Cod Larvae ◽  
Severe Tissue

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling reveals exposure to predicted end-of-century ocean acidification as a stealth stressor for Atlantic cod larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Mittermayer ◽  
M. H. Stiasny ◽  
C. Clemmesen ◽  
T. Bayer ◽  
V. Puvanendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Atlantic Cod Larvae ◽  
Developmental Asynchrony

AbstractOcean acidification (OA), a direct consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration dissolving in ocean waters, is impacting many fish species. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed physiological impacts in fish. We used RNAseq to characterize the transcriptome of 3 different larval stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to simulated OA at levels (1179 µatm CO2) representing end-of-century predictions compared to controls (503 µatm CO2), which were shown to induce tissue damage and elevated mortality in G. morhua. Only few genes were differentially expressed in 6 and 13 days-post-hatching (dph) (3 and 16 genes, respectively), during a period when maximal mortality as a response to elevated pCO2 occurred. At 36 dph, 1413 genes were differentially expressed, most likely caused by developmental asynchrony between the treatment groups, with individuals under OA growing faster. A target gene analysis revealed only few genes of the universal and well-defined cellular stress response to be differentially expressed. We thus suggest that predicted ocean acidification levels constitute a “stealth stress” for early Atlantic cod larvae, with a rapid breakdown of cellular homeostasis leading to organismal death that was missed even with an 8-fold replication implemented in this study.

Stem cell therapy for the treatment of severe tissue damage after radiation exposure

Cytotherapy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. S115
Author(s):  
A. Chapel ◽  
A. Semont ◽  
C. Linard ◽  
N. Mathieu ◽  
C. Demarquay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Severe Tissue

Viral Susceptibility and Embryonic Differentiation.

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
Juhani Rapola ◽  
Tapani Vainio ◽  
Lauri Saxén
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Embryonic Tissue ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Viral Susceptibility ◽  
Proliferative Rate ◽  
Active Proliferation ◽  
Severe Tissue

The fact that viral susceptibility changes during embryogenesis has been pointed out by both experimental embryologists and clinical practitioners, not to mention virologists working with avian material. In attempts to find the fundamental factors which make embryonic tissue susceptible or resistant to a given virus, the metabolic and proliferative rate have been considered relevant (Williamson et al., 1953; Robertson et al., 1955; Töndury, 1956). Experience accumulated in studies of the replication of various viruses in tissue culture has taught us that a high metabolic rate and active proliferation may not always enhance viral replication (Ginsberg, 1958). However, there seems to be justification for the view that an injurious agent leads to more severe tissue damage when it exercises its effect upon actively proliferating tissues than when it does so at the ‘resting stage’.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment for Key Socio-Economic and Ecological Species in a Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystem Under Combined Ocean Acidification and Warming

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Oostdijk ◽  
Erla Sturludóttir ◽  
Maria J. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Icelandic Waters

AbstractThe Arctic may be particularly vulnerable to the consequences of both ocean acidification (OA) and global warming, given the faster pace of these processes in comparison with global average speeds. Here, we use the Atlantis ecosystem model to assess how the trophic network of marine fishes and invertebrates in the Icelandic waters is responding to the combined pressures of OA and warming. We develop an approach where we first identify species by their economic (catch value), social (number of participants in fisheries), or ecological (keystone species) importance. We then use literature-determined ranges of sensitivity to OA and warming for different species and functional groups in the Icelandic waters to parametrize model runs for different scenarios of warming and OA. We found divergent species responses to warming and acidification levels; (mainly) planktonic groups and forage fish benefited while (mainly) benthic groups and predatory fish decreased under warming and acidification scenarios. Assuming conservative harvest rates for the largest catch-value species, Atlantic cod, we see that the population is projected to remain stable under even the harshest acidification and warming scenario. Further, for the scenarios where the model projects reductions in biomass of Atlantic cod, other species in the ecosystem increase, likely due to a reduction in competition and predation. These results highlight the interdependencies of multiple global change drivers and their cascading effects on trophic organization, and the continued high abundance of an important species from a socio-economic perspective in the Icelandic fisheries.

Modeling growth of Atlantic cod larvae on the southern flank of Georges Bank in the tidal-front circulation during May 1999

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 2771-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Lough ◽  
E.A. Broughton ◽  
L.J. Buckley ◽  
L.S. Incze ◽  
K. Pehrson Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Tidal Front ◽  
Atlantic Cod Larvae ◽  
Southern Flank ◽  
Modeling Growth

Use of the microalga Pavlova viridis as enrichment product for the feeding of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua)

Aquaculture ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rehberg-Haas ◽  
S. Meyer ◽  
M. Tielmann ◽  
S. Lippemeier ◽  
O. Vadstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Pavlova Viridis ◽  
Atlantic Cod Larvae ◽  
Enrichment Product

scholarly journals Severe tissue damage

BDJ ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 199 (7) ◽  
pp. 443-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Westbury
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Severe Tissue

scholarly journals Bacterial community assembly in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): contributions of ecological processes and metacommunity structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild I Vestrum ◽  
Kari J K Attramadal ◽  
Olav Vadstein ◽  
Madeleine Stenshorne Gundersen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Atlantic Cod Larvae ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

ABSTRACT Many studies demonstrate the importance of the commensal microbiomes to animal health and development. However, the initial community assembly process is poorly understood. It is unclear to what extent the hosts select for their commensal microbiota, whether stochastic processes contribute, and how environmental conditions affect the community assembly. We investigated community assembly in Atlantic cod larvae exposed to distinct microbial metacommunities. We aimed to quantify ecological processes influencing community assembly in cod larvae and to elucidate the complex relationship between the bacteria of the environment and the fish. Selection within the fish was the major determinant for community assembly, but drift resulted in inter-individual variation. The environmental bacterial communities were highly dissimilar from those associated with the fish. Still, differences in the environmental bacterial communities strongly influenced the fish communities. The most striking difference was an excessive dominance of a single OTU (Arcobacter) for larvae reared in two of the three systems. These larvae were exposed to environments with higher fractions of opportunistic bacteria, and we hypothesise that detrimental host–microbe interactions might have made the fish susceptible to Arcobacter colonisation. Despite strong selection within the host, this points to a possibility to steer the metacommunity towards mutualistic host–microbe interactions and improved fish health and survival.

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