Thioredoxin catalyzes the S-nitrosation of the caspase-3 active site cysteine

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A Mitchell ◽  
Michael A Marletta
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Active Site Cysteine

scholarly journals S-Nitrosylation of mitochondrial caspases

2001 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan B. Mannick ◽  
Christopher Schonhoff ◽  
Natalia Papeta ◽  
Pedram Ghafourifar ◽  
Marten Szibor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Active Site Cysteine ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Central Effector

Caspase-3 is a cysteine protease located in both the cytoplasm and mitochondrial intermembrane space that is a central effector of many apoptotic pathways. In resting cells, a subset of caspase-3 zymogens is S-nitrosylated at the active site cysteine, inhibiting enzyme activity. During Fas-induced apoptosis, caspases are denitrosylated, allowing the catalytic site to function. In the current studies, we sought to identify the subpopulation of caspases that is regulated by S-nitrosylation. We report that the majority of mitochondrial, but not cytoplasmic, caspase-3 zymogens contain this inhibitory modification. In addition, the majority of mitochondrial caspase-9 is S-nitrosylated. These studies suggest that S-nitrosylation plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial caspase function and that the S-nitrosylation state of a given protein depends on its subcellular localization.

Alkylation of Escherichia coli Thioredoxin by S-(2-Chloroethyl)glutathione and Identification of the Adduct on the Active Site Cysteine-32 by Mass Spectrometry

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. L. Erve ◽  
Elisabeth Barofsky ◽  
Douglas F. Barofsky ◽  
Max L. Deinzer ◽  
Donald J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Active Site Cysteine

Characterization of anEscherichia coliSulfite Oxidase Homologue Reveals the Role of a Conserved Active Site Cysteine in Assembly and Function†

Biochemistry ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (30) ◽  
pp. 10339-10348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Brokx ◽  
Richard A. Rothery ◽  
Guijin Zhang ◽  
Derek P. Ng ◽  
Joel H. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Active Site Cysteine ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Identification of FDA-approved drugs as novel allosteric inhibitors of human executioner caspases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. V. Krishna Deepak ◽  
Ahmad Abdullah ◽  
Priti Talwar ◽  
Hao Fan ◽  
Palaniyandi Ravanan
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Allosteric Inhibitors ◽  
Dimerization Interface ◽  
Executioner Caspases ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

AbstractThe regulation of apoptosis is a tightly-coordinated process and caspases are its chief regulators. Of special importance are the executioner caspases, caspase-3/7, the activation of which irreversibly sets the cell on the path of death. Dysregulation of apoptosis, particularly an increased rate of cell death lies at the root of numerous human diseases. Although several peptide-based inhibitors targeting the homologous active site region of caspases have been developed, owing to their non-specific activity and poor pharmacological properties their use has largely been restricted. Thus, we sought to identify FDA-approved drugs that could be repurposed as novel allosteric inhibitors of caspase-3/7. In this study, we virtually screened a catalog of FDA-approved drugs targeting an allosteric pocket located at the dimerization interface of caspase-3/7. From among the top-scoring hits we short-listed five compounds for experimental validation. Our enzymatic assays using recombinant caspase-3 suggested that four out of the five drugs effectively inhibited caspase-3 enzymatic activity in vitro with IC50 values ranging ~10-55 μM. Structural analysis of the docking poses show the four compounds forming specific non-covalent interactions at the allosteric pocket suggesting that these molecules could disrupt the adjacently-located active site. In summary, we report the identification of four novel non-peptide allosteric inhibitors of caspase-3/7 from among FDA-approved drugs.

scholarly journals The location of the active-site histidine residue in the primary sequence of papain

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Husain ◽  
G. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Histidine Residue ◽  
Primary Sequence ◽  
Active Site Cysteine ◽  
Active Site Histidine ◽  
Active Site Cysteine Residue

Papain that had been irreversibly inhibited with 1,3-dibromo[2−14C]acetone was reduced with sodium borohydride and carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid. After digestion with trypsin and α-chymotrypsin the radioactive peptides were purified chromatographically. Their amino acid composition indicated that cysteine-25 and histidine-106 were cross-linked. Since cysteine-25 is known to be the active-site cysteine residue, histidine-106 must be the active-site histidine residue.

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