Overexpression of microRNA OsmiR397 improves rice yield by increasing grain size and promoting panicle branching

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chan Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Cong-Ying Wang ◽  
Ze-Yuan Li ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Rice Yield

Novel OsGRAS19 mutant, D26, positively regulates grain shape in rice (Oryza sativa)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Lin ◽  
Jingwan Yan ◽  
Jun Su ◽  
Huaqing Liu ◽  
Changquan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Site Mutation

Grain size is an important factor in rice yield. Several genes related to grain size have been reported, but most of them are determined by quantitative trail loci (QTL) traits. Gene D26 is a novel site mutation of OsGRAS19 and involved in the brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathway. However, whether D26 is involved in the process of rice reproductive development remains unclear. Here, gene cloning and functional analysis revealed that D26 has an obvious regulatory effect on grain size. Overexpression or CRISP/Cas9 mutant of D26 also showed that grain size was positively influenced. Cellular analyses show that D26 modulates grain size by promoting cell division and regulating the cell number in the upper epidermis of the glume. The overexpression results further suggest that the level of D26 expression positively impacts grain length and leaf angles and that the expression of several known grain size genes is involved in the regulation. Based on our results, D26, as a transcription factor, effectively improves rice grain shape.

scholarly journals Enhanced sucrose loading improves rice yield by increasing grain size

2015 ◽  
pp. pp.01170.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Qingtao Lu ◽  
Xiaogang Wen ◽  
Congming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Sucrose Loading

scholarly journals Erratum: Control of grain size and rice yield by GL2-mediated brassinosteroid responses

Nature Plants ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghui Che ◽  
Hongning Tong ◽  
Bihong Shi ◽  
Yuqin Liu ◽  
Shanru Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Rice Yield

scholarly journals Disruption of MIR396e and MIR396f improves rice yield under nitrogen-deficient conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshan Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Zhou ◽  
Jinjuan Bai ◽  
Xiaoping Tao ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Development

Abstract The microRNA miR396 directly represses GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (OsGRFs) and has been implicated in regulating rice yield and in nitrogen assimilation. Overexpressing the miR396 targets OsGRF4 and OsGRF6 improves rice yield via increased grain size and panicle branching, respectively. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to assess the function of miR396 genes in rice. Knockout of MIR396ef (MIR396e and MIR396f), but not other isoforms, enhanced both grain size and panicle branching, resulting in increased grain yield. Importantly, under nitrogen-deficient conditions, mir396ef mutants showed an even higher relative increase in grain yield as well as elevated above-ground biomass. Furthermore, we identified OsGRF8 as a new target of miR396, in addition to the known targets OsGRF4 and OsGRF6. Disruption of the miR396-targeting site in OsGRF8 was sufficient to both enlarge grain size and elongate panicles. Our results suggest that rice-seed and panicle development are regulated by miR396ef-GRF4/6/8-GIF1/2/3 modules and that miR396ef are promising targets of genome editing for breeding environmentally friendly rice varieties that require less nitrogen fertilization.

Control of grain size and rice yield by GL2-mediated brassinosteroid responses

Nature Plants ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghui Che ◽  
Hongning Tong ◽  
Bihong Shi ◽  
Yuqin Liu ◽  
Shanru Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Rice Yield

Effect of Shock Loading on the Microstructure of Uniloy 326

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
K. P. Staudhammer ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
05 C ◽  
Shock Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of shock loading on a variety of steels has been reviewed recently by Leslie. It is generally observed that significant changes in microstructure and microhardness are produced by explosive shock deformation. While the effect of shock loading on austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and pearlitic structures has been investigated, there have been no systematic studies of the shock-loading of microduplex structures.In the current investigation, the shock-loading response of millrolled and heat-treated Uniloy 326 (thickness 60 mil) having a residual grain size of 1 to 2μ before shock loading was studied. Uniloy 326 is a two phase (microduplex) alloy consisting of 30% austenite (γ) in a ferrite (α) matrix; with the composition.3% Ti, 1% Mn, .6% Si,.05% C, 6% Ni, 26% Cr, balance Fe.

Aspects of microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
R. Sinclair ◽  
B.E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Critical Currents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Transmission Electron

INTRODUCTIONThe prospect of performing chemical analysis of thin specimens at any desired level of resolution is particularly appealing to the materials scientist. Commercial TEM-based systems are now available which virtually provide this capability. The purpose of this contribution is to illustrate its application to problems which would have been intractable until recently, pointing out some current limitations.X-RAY ANALYSISIn an attempt to fabricate superconducting materials with high critical currents and temperature, thin Nb3Sn films have been prepared by electron beam vapor deposition [1]. Fine-grain size material is desirable which may be achieved by codeposition with small amounts of Al2O3 . Figure 1 shows the STEM microstructure, with large (∽ 200 Å dia) voids present at the grain boundaries. Higher quality TEM micrographs (e.g. fig. 2) reveal the presence of small voids within the grains which are absent in pure Nb3Sn prepared under identical conditions. The X-ray spectrum from large (∽ lμ dia) or small (∽100 Ǻ dia) areas within the grains indicates only small amounts of A1 (fig.3).

Novel magneto-optical recording materials: Bi-substituted garnet films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
Takao Suzuki ◽  
Hossein Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Garnet Film ◽  
Media Noise ◽  
Garnet Films ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
A Current

For future high density magneto-optical recording materials, a Bi-substituted garnet film ((BiDy)3(FeGa)5O12) is an attractive candidate since it has strong magneto-optic effect at short wavelengths less than 600 nm. The signal in read back performance at 500 nm using a garnet film can be an order of magnitude higher than a current rare earth-transition metal amorphous film. However, the granularity and surface roughness of such crystalline garnet films are the key to control for minimizing media noise.We have demonstrated a new technique to fabricate a garnet film which has much smaller grain size and smoother surfaces than those annealed in a conventional oven. This method employs a high ramp-up rate annealing (Γ = 50 ~ 100 C/s) in nitrogen atmosphere. Fig.1 shows a typical microstruture of a Bi-susbtituted garnet film deposited by r.f. sputtering and then subsequently crystallized by a rapid thermal annealing technique at Γ = 50 C/s at 650 °C for 2 min. The structure is a single phase of garnet, and a grain size is about 300A.

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