scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States

Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 546 (7658) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Grubaugh ◽  
Jason T. Ladner ◽  
Moritz U. G. Kraemer ◽  
Gytis Dudas ◽  
Amanda L. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology

scholarly journals Multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States revealed through genomic epidemiology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D Grubaugh ◽  
Jason T Ladner ◽  
Moritz UG Kraemer ◽  
Gytis Dudas ◽  
Amanda L Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Southern Florida

Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an unprecedented epidemic linked to severe congenital syndromes1,2. In July 2016, mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission was first reported in the continental United States and since then, hundreds of locally-acquired infections have been reported in Florida3. To gain insights into the timing, source, and likely route(s) of introduction of ZIKV into the continental United States, we tracked the virus from its first detection in Miami, Florida by direct sequencing of ZIKV genomes from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that at least four distinct ZIKV introductions contributed to the outbreak in Florida and that local transmission likely started in the spring of 2016 - several months before its initial detection. By analyzing surveillance and genetic data, we discovered that ZIKV moved among transmission zones in Miami. Our analyses show that most introductions are phylogenetically linked to the Caribbean, a finding corroborated by the high incidence rates and traffic volumes from the region into the Miami area. By comparing mosquito abundance and travel flows, we describe the areas of southern Florida that are especially vulnerable to ZIKV introductions. Our study provides a deeper understanding of how ZIKV initiates and sustains transmission in new regions.

scholarly journals Use of Twitter Data to Improve Zika Virus Surveillance in the United States during the 2016 Epidemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahir Masri ◽  
Jianfeng Jia ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Guofa Zhou ◽  
Ming-Chieh Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Twitter Data

scholarly journals The Zika Virus has Arrived in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e6-e7
Author(s):  
Susan Ricci ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Readiness for an Increase in Congenital Zika Virus Infections in the United States: Geographic Distance to Pediatric Subspecialist Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Bertolli ◽  
Joseph Holbrook ◽  
Nina D. Dutton ◽  
Bryant Jones ◽  
Nicole F. Dowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe study’s purpose was to investigate readiness for an increase in the congenital Zika infection (CZI) by describing the distribution of pediatric subspecialists needed for the care of children with CZI.MethodsWe applied county-level subspecialist counts to US maps, overlaying the geocoded locations of children’s hospitals to assess the correlation of hospital and subspecialist locations. We calculated travel distance from census tract centroids to the nearest in-state children’s hospital by state (with/without > 100 reported adult Zika virus cases) and by regions corresponding to the likely local Zika virus transmission area and to the full range of the mosquito vector. Travel distance percentiles reflect the population of children < 5 years old.ResultsOverall, 95% of pediatric subspecialists across the United States are located in the same county or neighboring county as a children’s hospital. In the states where Zika virus transmission is likely, 25% of children must travel more than 50 miles for subspecialty care; in one state, 50% of children must travel > 100 miles.ConclusionThe travel distance to pediatric subspecialty care varies widely by state and is likely to be an access barrier in some areas, particularly states bordering the Gulf of Mexico, which may have increasing numbers of CZI cases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:476-486)

scholarly journals Zika Virus Disease in Travelers Returning to the United States, 2010–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan J. Hennessey ◽  
Marc Fischer ◽  
Amanda J. Panella ◽  
Robert S. Lanciotti ◽  
J. Erin Staples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals First Neonatal Demise with Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection in the United States of America

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. e68-e73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Zacharias ◽  
Janice Whitty ◽  
Sarah Noblin ◽  
Sophia Tsakiri ◽  
Jose Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Care System

AbstractZika virus is increasingly recognized as a fetal pathogen worldwide. We describe the first case of neonatal demise with travel-associated Zika virus infection in the United States of America, including a novel prenatal ultrasound finding. A young Latina presented to our health care system in Southeast Texas for prenatal care at 23 weeks of gestation. Fetal Dandy–Walker malformation, asymmetric cerebral ventriculomegaly, single umbilical artery, hypoechoic fetal knee, dorsal foot edema, and mild polyhydramnios were noted upon initial screening prenatal sonography at 26 weeks. A growth-restricted, microcephalic, and arthrogrypotic infant was delivered alive at 36 weeks but died within an hour despite resuscitation. The neonatal karyotype was normal. Flavivirus IgM antibodies were identified in the serum of the puerpera, once she disclosed that she had traveled from El Salvador to Texas in the early second trimester. Zika virus was identified in the umbilical cord and neonatal brain. Fetal arthritis may precede congenital arthrogryposis in cases of Zika virus infection and may be detectable by prenatal sonography. Physician and health care system vigilance is required to optimally address the significant and enduring Zika virus global health threat.

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