Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer–immune set point

Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 541 (7637) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Chen ◽  
Ira Mellman
Keyword(s):  
Set Point ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Immune Set

scholarly journals The Cancer-Immune Set Point in Oesophageal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Power ◽  
Maeve A. Lowery ◽  
John V. Reynolds ◽  
Margaret R. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Immune Set

scholarly journals Off-tumor IDO1 target engagements determine the cancer-immune set point and predict the immunotherapeutic efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e002616
Author(s):  
Lin Xie ◽  
Kuan Hu ◽  
Yanhong Duo ◽  
Takashi Shimokawa ◽  
Katsushi Kumata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Ido1 Expression ◽  
Immune Set

BackgroundIndoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been intensively pursued as a therapeutic target to reverse the immunosuppressive cancer-immune milieu and promote tumor elimination. However, recent failures of phase III clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors involved in cancer immunotherapies highlight the urgent need to develop appropriate methods for tracking IDO1 when the cancer-immune milieu is therapeutically modified.MethodsWe utilized a small-molecule radiotracer, 11C-l-1MTrp, to quantitatively and longitudinally visualize whole-body IDO1 dynamics. Specifically, we first assessed 11C-l-1MTrp in mice-bearing contralateral human tumors with distinct IDO1 expression patterns. Then, we applied 11C-l-1MTrp to longitudinally monitor whole-body IDO1 variations in immunocompetent melanoma-bearing mice treated with 1-methyl-l-tryptophan plus either chemotherapeutic drugs or antibodies targeting programmedcell death 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4.Results11C-l-1MTrp positron emission tomography (PET) imaging accurately delineated IDO1 expression in xenograft mouse models. Moreover, we were able to visualize dynamic IDO1 regulation in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), an off-tumor IDO1 target, where the percentage uptake of 11C-l-1MTrp accurately annotated the therapeutic efficacy of multiple combination immunotherapies in preclinical models. Remarkably, 11C-l-1MTrp signal intensity in the MLNs was inversely related to the specific growth rates of treated tumors, suggesting that IDO1 expression in the MLNs can serve as a new biomarker of the cancer-immune set point.ConclusionsPET imaging of IDO1 with 11C-l-1MTrp is a robust method to assess the therapeutic efficacy of multiple combinatorial immunotherapies, improving our understanding of the merit and challenges of IDO1 regimens. Further validation of this animal data in humans is ongoing. We envision that our results will provide a potential precision medicine paradigm for noninvasive visualizing each patient’s individual response in combinatorial cancer immunotherapy, and tailoring optimal personalized combination strategies.

scholarly journals Modifying the cancer-immune set point using vaccinia virus expressing re-designed interleukin-2

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuqiang Liu ◽  
Yan Ge ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Congrong Ma ◽  
Mathilde Feist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Immune Set

Smart Plant Growth Control and Monitoring System for Indoor Hydroponic Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fina Supegina
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Hydroponic Growth

Hydroponics is one of planting method that use water as a medium of plants growth, in this technique, mineral solution added into the water solvent, allowing the nutrient uptake process by the plants.  Farming by hydroponic method must pay attention to the following parameters namely, temperature, humidity, the level of water needs and nutrients and also the level of sunlight need for photosynthesis process.  This research used hydroponic technique in hydroponic growth room, and  there is a LED growth light as an alternate of sunlight, due to this room is closed without sunlight.  There are outputs displayed in monitoring system namely, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasound sensor to detect height of the plant and water level sensor to measured height of the water as a medium of the plant.  Results of measured sensor in hydroponic growth room explained as the following:  fan cooler worked when temperature , and humidity  .  Water pump worked when water level is less than 50% accordance set point.  Control on LED Growth Light and LED Bulb when LDR sensor reached set point > 500 in bright condition, and < 500 in dark condition respectively. The average of Time update/received data in thing speak web is 2.4 second. Keywords: Smart Control, Hydroponic, IoT, Monitoring

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