A self-organized biomechanical network drives shape changes during tissue morphogenesis

Nature ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 524 (7565) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akankshi Munjal ◽  
Jean-Marc Philippe ◽  
Edwin Munro ◽  
Thomas Lecuit
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Morphogenesis ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Shape Changes

scholarly journals Self-organized cytoskeletal alignment during Drosophila mesoderm invagination

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1809) ◽  
pp. 20190551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Feedback Process ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tissue Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Shape Changes

During tissue morphogenesis, mechanical forces are propagated across tissues, resulting in tissue shape changes. These forces in turn can influence cell behaviour, leading to a feedback process that can be described as self-organizing. Here, I discuss cytoskeletal self-organization and point to evidence that suggests its role in directing force during morphogenesis. During Drosophila mesoderm invagination, the shape of the region of cells that initiates constriction creates a mechanical pattern that in turn aligns the cytoskeleton with the axis of greatest resistance to contraction. The wild-type direction of the force controls the shape and orientation of the invaginating mesoderm. Given the ability of the actomyosin cytoskeleton to self-organize, these types of feedback mechanisms are likely to play important roles in a range of different morphogenetic events. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Contemporary morphogenesis'.

scholarly journals Direct laser manipulation reveals the mechanics of cell contacts in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Bambardekar ◽  
Raphaël Clément ◽  
Olivier Blanc ◽  
Claire Chardès ◽  
Pierre-François Lenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Tissue Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Contacts ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Cell Cell

Cell-generated forces produce a variety of tissue movements and tissue shape changes. The cytoskeletal elements that underlie these dynamics act at cell–cell and cell–ECM contacts to apply local forces on adhesive structures. In epithelia, force imbalance at cell contacts induces cell shape changes, such as apical constriction or polarized junction remodeling, driving tissue morphogenesis. The dynamics of these processes are well-characterized; however, the mechanical basis of cell shape changes is largely unknown because of a lack of mechanical measurements in vivo. We have developed an approach combining optical tweezers with light-sheet microscopy to probe the mechanical properties of epithelial cell junctions in the early Drosophila embryo. We show that optical trapping can efficiently deform cell–cell interfaces and measure tension at cell junctions, which is on the order of 100 pN. We show that tension at cell junctions equilibrates over a few seconds, a short timescale compared with the contractile events that drive morphogenetic movements. We also show that tension increases along cell interfaces during early tissue morphogenesis and becomes anisotropic as cells intercalate during germ-band extension. By performing pull-and-release experiments, we identify time-dependent properties of junctional mechanics consistent with a simple viscoelastic model. Integrating this constitutive law into a tissue-scale model, we predict quantitatively how local deformations propagate throughout the tissue.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic Dissipation Stabilizes Cell Shape Changes during Tissue Morphogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (20) ◽  
pp. 3132-3142.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Clément ◽  
Benoît Dehapiot ◽  
Claudio Collinet ◽  
Thomas Lecuit ◽  
Pierre-François Lenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Tissue Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes

Tissue morphogenesis coupled with cell shape changes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadayoshi Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Tissue Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes

scholarly journals A synthetic morphogenic membrane system that responds with self-organized shape changes to local light cues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gavriljuk ◽  
Bruno Scocozza ◽  
Farid Ghasemalizadeh ◽  
Akhilesh P. Nandan ◽  
Manuel Campos Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Cellular Morphogenesis ◽  
Membrane Deformations ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Dynamic Microtubule

SUMMARYReconstitution of artificial cells capable of transducing extracellular signals into cytoskeletal changes is a challenge in synthetic biology that will reveal fundamental principles of non-equilibrium phenomena of cellular morphogenesis and information processing. Here, we generated a ‘life-like’ Synthetic Morphogenic Membrane System (SynMMS) by encapsulating a dynamic microtubule (MT) aster and a light-inducible signaling system driven by GTP/ATP chemical potential into cell-sized vesicles. The biomimetic design of the light-induced signaling system embodies the operational principle of morphogen induced Rho-GTPase signal transduction in cells. Activation of synthetic signaling promotes membrane-deforming growth of MT-filaments by dynamically elevating the membrane-proximal concentration of tubulin. The resulting membrane deformations enable the recursive coupling of the MT-aster with the signaling system, creating global self-organized morphologies that reorganize towards external light cues in dependence on prior sensory experience that is stored in the dynamically maintained morphology. SynMMS thereby signifies a step towards bio-inspired engineering of self-organized cellular morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Self-organized shape dynamics of active surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mietke ◽  
Frank Jülicher ◽  
Ivo F. Sbalzarini
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Spontaneous Generation ◽  
Advective Transport ◽  
Shape Dynamics ◽  
Active Surfaces ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Shape Changes

Mechanochemical processes in thin biological structures, such as the cellular cortex or epithelial sheets, play a key role during the morphogenesis of cells and tissues. In particular, they are responsible for the dynamical organization of active stresses that lead to flows and deformations of the material. Consequently, advective transport redistributes force-generating molecules and thereby contributes to a complex mechanochemical feedback loop. It has been shown in fixed geometries that this mechanism enables patterning, but the interplay of these processes with shape changes of the material remains to be explored. In this work, we study the fully self-organized shape dynamics using the theory of active fluids on deforming surfaces and develop a numerical approach to solve the corresponding force and torque balance equations. We describe the spontaneous generation of nontrivial surface shapes, shape oscillations, and directed surface flows that resemble peristaltic waves from self-organized, mechanochemical processes on the deforming surface. Our approach provides opportunities to explore the dynamics of self-organized active surfaces and can help to understand the role of shape as an integral element of the mechanochemical organization of morphogenetic processes.

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