Nonlinear dendritic processing determines angular tuning of barrel cortex neurons in vivo

Nature ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 490 (7420) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lavzin ◽  
Sophia Rapoport ◽  
Alon Polsky ◽  
Liora Garion ◽  
Jackie Schiller
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Dendritic Processing

Sensory Transmission is Bi-directionally Modulated by Astrocytic Ca2+ in Barrel Cortex of Behaving Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeng Gu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kuan Zhang ◽  
Rou Feng ◽  
Naling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Sensory Transmission

Abstract Different effects of astrocyte during sleep and awake have been extensively studied, especially for metabolic clearance by the glymphatic system, which works during sleep and stops working during waking states. However, how astrocytes contribute to modulation of sensory transmission during sleep and awake animals remain largely unknown. Recent advances in genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators have provided a wealth of information on astrocytic Ca2+, especially in their fine perisynaptic processes, where astrocytic Ca2+ most likely affects the synaptic function. Here we use two-photon microscopy to image astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in freely moving mice trained to run on a wheel in combination with in vivo whole-cell recordings to evaluate the role of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in different behavior states. We found that there are two kinds of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling: a small long-lasting Ca2+ increase during sleep state and a sharp widespread but short-long-lasting Ca2+ spike when the animal was awake (fluorescence increases were 23.2 ± 14.4% for whisker stimulation at sleep state, compared with 73.3 ± 11.7% for at awake state, paired t-test, p < 0.01). The small Ca2+ transients decreased extracellular K+, hyperpolarized the neurons, and suppressed sensory transmission; while the large Ca2+ wave enhanced sensory input, contributing to reliable sensory transmission in aroused states. Locus coeruleus activation works as a switch between these two kinds of astrocytic Ca2+ elevation. Thus, we show that cortical astrocytes play an important role in processing of sensory input. These two types of events appear to have different pharmacological sources and may play a different role in facilitating the efficacy of sensory transmission.

FosGFP expression does not capture a sensory learning-related engram in superficial layers of mouse barrel cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (52) ◽  
pp. e2112212118
Author(s):  
Jiseok Lee ◽  
Joanna Urban-Ciecko ◽  
Eunsol Park ◽  
Mo Zhu ◽  
Stephanie E. Myal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Association Learning ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Dependent Learning

Immediate-early gene (IEG) expression has been used to identify small neural ensembles linked to a particular experience, based on the principle that a selective subset of activated neurons will encode specific memories or behavioral responses. The majority of these studies have focused on “engrams” in higher-order brain areas where more abstract or convergent sensory information is represented, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, or amygdala. In primary sensory cortex, IEG expression can label neurons that are responsive to specific sensory stimuli, but experience-dependent shaping of neural ensembles marked by IEG expression has not been demonstrated. Here, we use a fosGFP transgenic mouse to longitudinally monitor in vivo expression of the activity-dependent gene c-fos in superficial layers (L2/3) of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during a whisker-dependent learning task. We find that sensory association training does not detectably alter fosGFP expression in L2/3 neurons. Although training broadly enhances thalamocortical synaptic strength in pyramidal neurons, we find that synapses onto fosGFP+ neurons are not selectively increased by training; rather, synaptic strengthening is concentrated in fosGFP− neurons. Taken together, these data indicate that expression of the IEG reporter fosGFP does not facilitate identification of a learning-specific engram in L2/3 in barrel cortex during whisker-dependent sensory association learning.

scholarly journals Mechanisms underlying the response of mouse cortical networks to optogenetic manipulation

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mahrach ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
Nuo Li ◽  
Carl van Vreeswijk ◽  
David Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Population Models ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Recurrent Excitation ◽  
Layer 2

GABAergic interneurons can be subdivided into three subclasses: parvalbumin positive (PV), somatostatin positive (SOM) and serotonin positive neurons. With principal cells (PCs) they form complex networks. We examine PCs and PV responses in mouse anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) and barrel cortex (S1) upon PV photostimulation in vivo. In ALM layer five and S1, the PV response is paradoxical: photoexcitation reduces their activity. This is not the case in ALM layer 2/3. We combine analytical calculations and numerical simulations to investigate how these results constrain the architecture. Two-population models cannot explain the results. Four-population networks with V1-like architecture account for the data in ALM layer 2/3 and layer 5. Our data in S1 can be explained if SOM neurons receive inputs only from PCs and PV neurons. In both four-population models, the paradoxical effect implies not too strong recurrent excitation. It is not evidence for stabilization by inhibition.

scholarly journals NMDA Receptors Pattern Early Activity in the Developing Barrel Cortex In Vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minlebaev ◽  
Y. Ben-Ari ◽  
R. Khazipov
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Early Activity

Spread of dendritic excitation in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in rat barrel cortex in vivo

10.1038/4569 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Svoboda ◽  
Fritjof Helmchen ◽  
Winfried Denk ◽  
David W. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Layer 2

In vivo patch-clamp analysis of synaptic responses in rat primary somatosensory barrel cortex (SI)

2004 ◽  
Vol 1269 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Masaharu Mizuno ◽  
Atsushi Doi ◽  
Toshiharu Yasaka ◽  
Hidemasa Furue ◽  
Shuji Aou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Responses

scholarly journals Laminar and Columnar Structure of Sensory-Evoked Multineuronal Spike Sequences in Adult Rat Barrel Cortex In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 2001-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Reyes-Puerta ◽  
Jyh-Jang Sun ◽  
Suam Kim ◽  
Werner Kilb ◽  
Heiko J. Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Spike Sequences ◽  
Sensory Evoked
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