scholarly journals Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year

Nature ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 457 (7228) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Steig ◽  
David P. Schneider ◽  
Scott D. Rutherford ◽  
Michael E. Mann ◽  
Josefino C. Comiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Sheet Surface ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

scholarly journals Erratum: Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year

Nature ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 460 (7256) ◽  
pp. 766-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Steig ◽  
David P. Schneider ◽  
Scott D. Rutherford ◽  
Michael E. Mann ◽  
Josefino C. Comiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Sheet Surface ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

The foundations of Antarctic glaciology

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Charles Wright ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

Heroic treks inland by Scott, Shackleton, and Amundsen in the early 1900s demonstrated the immensity of the Antarctic ice cover. But it has taken a century to estimate its volume and elucidate its intricate dynamics. Three significant milestones in the development of Antarctic glaciology have been: the memoir Glaciology by Charles Wright and Raymond Priestly arising from the Terra Nova expedition (1910–1913); the Norwegian-British-Swedish Expedition (1949–1952); the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958). Robert Scott thought glaciology so important he appointed a physicist as glaciologist (Wright) and to work with him, a scientist with previous experience of Antarctic ice (Priestley). Their compendium is a classic work. The Norwegian-British-Swedish Expedition was the first true international scientific expedition to Antarctica. Their studies provided the first clear picture of the Antarctic glacial environment, leading to the concept that sea level is controlled principally by the state of the Antarctic ice sheet. Glaciology was one of the main studies in the International Geophysical Year. Research was conducted at coastal and inland stations and on over-snow traverses. Measurements on traverses provided the first glimpse of the surface elevation, magnitude of the ice volume, snow accumulation, and mean annual surface temperatures.

scholarly journals Measured Properties of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Surface Configuration, Ice Thickness, Volume and Bedrock Characteristics

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Drewry ◽  
S.R. Jordan ◽  
E. Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Ice Streams ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Sheet Surface ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Antarctic

Results of airborne radio echo-sounding (RES) in Antarctica are presented. Flight tracks covering 50% of the Antarctic Ice sheet on a 50 to 100 km square grid, flown using Inertial navigation, have errors <<5 km. Ice thicknesses determined from 35, 60, and 300 MHz RES records are accurate to 10 m or 1.5% thickness (whichever is greater). Altimetry, determining surface and sub-surface elevations, after corrections have errors <<50 m. An up-to-date coastline compiled from satellite imagery and all recent sources has frequencies for various coastal types of: ice shelves (44%), ice streams/outlet glaciers (13%), ice walls (38%), and rocks (5%). A new map of the ice sheet surface has been compiled from 101 000 RES data points, 5 000 Tropical Wind, Energy conversion and Reference Level Experiment (TWERLE) balloon altimetry points, geodetic satellite and selected traverse elevations. The volume of the Antarctic ice sheet Including ice shelves has been calculated principally from RES data using various techniques as 30.11±2.5 × 106 km3. Frequency distributions for subgladal bedrock elevations for East and West Antarctica are presented. They conform approximately to Gaussian (normal) functions.

scholarly journals Unravelling the History of Climate Change

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
Ian D. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Sheet Surface ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Climate Records ◽  
The Antarctic

The spatial configuration of the Antarctic ice sheet has fluctuated widely during the Late Quaternary, primarily in response to climate and sea-level forcings. Ice core time-series have long been used as proxy climate records for the Antarctic ice sheet surface and polar atmosphere, and there has been a major multinational effort to drill ice cores on or near the summit of ice domes to retrieve the longest possible records. The annual layering of ice accumulation has afforded high resolution proxy climate records on annual to decadal intervals, spanning a few hundred to hundreds of thousands of years. These time-series have also detailed the changes in the ice sheet surface elevation and dynamics, particularly since the transition from glacial to Holocene climate. However, ice sheet sensitivity to external forcings and the associated fluctuations in ice volume are probably best researched around the ice sheet's margins. The sedimentary record in these circumAntarctic margins holds the key to our unravelling of past and future responses of the Antarctic ice sheet and circumpolar oceans to climate and environmental change, including: fluctuations in ice volume; the distribution of ice shelves; the production of Antarctic bottom water; the variability in the fast ice and pack ice characteristics; biogeochemical cycling and marine productivity; and the evolutionary response of marine and terrestrial species and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Measured Properties of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Surface Configuration, Ice Thickness, Volume and Bedrock Characteristics

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Drewry ◽  
S.R. Jordan ◽  
E. Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Ice Streams ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Sheet Surface ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Antarctic

Results of airborne radio echo-sounding (RES) in Antarctica are presented. Flight tracks covering 50% of the Antarctic Ice sheet on a 50 to 100 km square grid, flown using Inertial navigation, have errors &lt;&lt;5 km. Ice thicknesses determined from 35, 60, and 300 MHz RES records are accurate to 10 m or 1.5% thickness (whichever is greater). Altimetry, determining surface and sub-surface elevations, after corrections have errors &lt;&lt;50 m. An up-to-date coastline compiled from satellite imagery and all recent sources has frequencies for various coastal types of: ice shelves (44%), ice streams/outlet glaciers (13%), ice walls (38%), and rocks (5%). A new map of the ice sheet surface has been compiled from 101 000 RES data points, 5 000 Tropical Wind, Energy conversion and Reference Level Experiment (TWERLE) balloon altimetry points, geodetic satellite and selected traverse elevations. The volume of the Antarctic ice sheet Including ice shelves has been calculated principally from RES data using various techniques as 30.11±2.5 × 106km3. Frequency distributions for subgladal bedrock elevations for East and West Antarctica are presented. They conform approximately to Gaussian (normal) functions.

scholarly journals Feedback between ice dynamics and bedrock deformation with 3D viscosity in Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter van der Wal ◽  
Caroline van Calcar ◽  
Bas de Boer ◽  
Bas Blank
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Surface Elevation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Sheet Surface ◽  
Ice Load ◽  
Grounding Line ◽  
The Antarctic

&lt;p&gt;Over glacial-interglacial cycles, the evolution of an ice sheet is influenced by Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) via two negative feedback loops. Firstly, vertical bedrock deformation due to a changing ice load alters ice-sheet surface elevation. For example, an increasing ice load leads to a lower bedrock elevation that lowers ice-sheet surface elevation. This will increase surface melting of the ice sheet, following an increase of atmospheric temperature at lower elevations. Secondly, bedrock deformation will change the height of the grounding line of the ice sheet. For example, a lowering bedrock height following ice-sheet advance increases the melt due to ocean water that in turn leads to a retreat of the grounding line and a slow-down of ice-sheet advance.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; &lt;br&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; GIA is mainly determined by the viscosity of the interior of the solid Earth which is radially and laterally varying. Underneath the Antarctic ice sheet, there are relatively low viscosities in West Antarctica and higher viscosities in East Antarctica, in turn affecting the response time of the above mentioned feedbacks. However, most ice-dynamical models do not consider the lateral variations of the viscosity in the GIA feedback loops when simulating the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet. The method developed by Gomez et al. (2018) includes the feedback between GIA and ice-sheet evolution and alternates between simulations of the two models where each simulation covers the full time period. We presents a different method to couple ANICE, a 3-D ice-sheet model, to a 3-D GIA finite element model. In this method the model computations alternates between the ice-sheet and GIA model until convergence of the result occurs at each timestep. We simulate the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet from 120 000 years ago to the present. The results of the coupled simulation will be discussed and compared to results of the uncoupled ice-sheet model (using an ELRA GIA model) and the method developed by Gomez et al. (2018).&lt;/p&gt;

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