scholarly journals A simple rule for the evolution of cooperation on graphs and social networks

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 441 (7092) ◽  
pp. 502-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Ohtsuki ◽  
Christoph Hauert ◽  
Erez Lieberman ◽  
Martin A. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation

scholarly journals Social networks in the lek-mating wire-tailed manakin ( Pipra filicauda )

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1641) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B Ryder ◽  
David B McDonald ◽  
John G Blake ◽  
Patricia G Parker ◽  
Bette A Loiselle
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Lek Mating ◽  
Geodesic Paths ◽  
Display Behaviour ◽  
Male Displays ◽  
Pipra Filicauda ◽  
Network Metrics

How social structure interacts with individual behaviour and fitness remains understudied despite its potential importance to the evolution of cooperation. Recent applications of network theory to social behaviour advance our understanding of the role of social interactions in various contexts. Here we applied network theory to the social system of lek-mating wire-tailed manakins ( Pipra filicauda , Pipridae, Aves). We analysed the network of interactions among males in order to begin building a comparative framework to understand where coordinated display behaviour lies along the continuum from solitary to obligately cooperative dual-male displays in the family Pipridae. Network degree (the number of links from a male to others) ranged from 1 to 10, with low mean and high variance, consistent with the theory for the evolution of cooperation within social networks. We also assessed factors that could predict social and reproductive success of males. Four network metrics, degree , eigenvector centrality , information centrality and reach , some of which assess circuitous as well as the shortest (geodesic) paths of male connectivity, predicted male social rise. The duration of a male's territorial tenure during the 4 years of the study predicted his probability of siring offspring.

scholarly journals Costs for switching partners reduce network dynamics but not cooperative behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1792) ◽  
pp. 20141661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bednarik ◽  
Katrin Fehl ◽  
Dirk Semmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
A Minor

Social networks represent the structuring of interactions between group members. Above all, many interactions are profoundly cooperative in humans and other animals. In accordance with this natural observation, theoretical work demonstrates that certain network structures favour the evolution of cooperation. Yet, recent experimental evidence suggests that static networks do not enhance cooperative behaviour in humans. By contrast, dynamic networks do foster cooperation. However, costs associated with dynamism such as time or resource investments in finding and establishing new partnerships have been neglected so far. Here, we show that human participants are much less likely to break links when costs arise for building new links. Especially, when costs were high, the network was nearly static. Surprisingly, cooperation levels in Prisoner's Dilemma games were not affected by reduced dynamism in social networks. We conclude that the mere potential to quit collaborations is sufficient in humans to reach high levels of cooperative behaviour. Effects of self-structuring processes or assortment on the network played a minor role: participants simply adjusted their cooperative behaviour in response to the threats of losing a partner or of being expelled.

scholarly journals Evolution of cooperation with asymmetric social interactions

2022 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. e2113468118
Author(s):  
Qi Su ◽  
Benjamin Allen ◽  
Joshua B. Plotkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Network Growth ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Organizational Hierarchies

How cooperation emerges in human societies is both an evolutionary enigma and a practical problem with tangible implications for societal health. Population structure has long been recognized as a catalyst for cooperation because local interactions facilitate reciprocity. Analysis of population structure typically assumes bidirectional social interactions. But human social interactions are often unidirectional—where one individual has the opportunity to contribute altruistically to another, but not conversely—as the result of organizational hierarchies, social stratification, popularity effects, and endogenous mechanisms of network growth. Here we expand the theory of cooperation in structured populations to account for both uni- and bidirectional social interactions. Even though unidirectional interactions remove the opportunity for reciprocity, we find that cooperation can nonetheless be favored in directed social networks and that cooperation is provably maximized for networks with an intermediate proportion of unidirectional interactions, as observed in many empirical settings. We also identify two simple structural motifs that allow efficient modification of interaction directions to promote cooperation by orders of magnitude. We discuss how our results relate to the concepts of generalized and indirect reciprocity.

Evolution of Cooperation in Adaptive Social Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 373-392
Author(s):  
Sven Van Segbroeck ◽  
Francisco C. Santos ◽  
Arne Traulsen ◽  
Tom Lenaerts ◽  
Jorge M. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation

scholarly journals Human social preferences cluster and spread in the field

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22787-22792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ehlert ◽  
Martin Kindschi ◽  
René Algesheimer ◽  
Heiko Rauhut
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development And Evolution

While it is undeniable that the ability of humans to cooperate in large-scale societies is unique in animal life, it remains open how such a degree of prosociality is possible despite the risks of exploitation. Recent evidence suggests that social networks play a crucial role in the development of prosociality and large-scale cooperation by allowing cooperators to cluster; however, it is not well understood if and how this also applies to real-world social networks in the field. We study intrinsic social preferences alongside emerging friendship patterns in 57 freshly formed school classes (n = 1,217), using incentivized measures. We demonstrate the existence of cooperative clusters in society, examine their emergence, and expand the evidence from controlled experiments to real-world social networks. Our results suggest that being embedded in cooperative environments substantially enhances the social preferences of individuals, thus contributing to the formation of cooperative clusters. Partner choice, in contrast, only marginally contributes to their emergence. We conclude that cooperative preferences are contagious; social and cultural learning plays an important role in the development and evolution of cooperation.

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