Critical role of TRAF3 in the Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent antiviral response

Nature ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 439 (7073) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagik Oganesyan ◽  
Supriya K. Saha ◽  
Beichu Guo ◽  
Jeannie Q. He ◽  
Arash Shahangian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Antiviral Response ◽  
Toll Like Receptor

177 Critical Role of TNFR-Associated Death Domain (TRADD) in the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)-Independent Antiviral Response

Cytokine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Cécile Michallet ◽  
Etienne Meylan ◽  
Jessica Vazquez ◽  
Manolis Pasparakis ◽  
Ulrich Kalinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Antiviral Response ◽  
Death Domain ◽  
Toll Like Receptor

A critical role of CpG motifs in a murine peritonitis model by their binding to highly expressed toll-like receptor-9 on liver NKT cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Tsujimoto ◽  
Satoshi Ono ◽  
Atsushi Matsumoto ◽  
Toshinobu Kawabata ◽  
Manabu Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Cpg Motifs ◽  
Peritonitis Model

1153 – Critical Role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Mediating Serotonin Production in Gut

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-247
Author(s):  
Yun Han Kwon ◽  
Huaqing Wang ◽  
Varun Dewan ◽  
Saad Syed ◽  
Michelle E. Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2

scholarly journals Syk and Hrs Regulate TLR3-Mediated Antiviral Response in Murine Astrocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matylda B. Mielcarska ◽  
Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka ◽  
Karolina P. Gregorczyk-Zboroch ◽  
Zbigniew Wyżewski ◽  
Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antiviral Response ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Viral Dsrna ◽  
Kinase Substrate ◽  
Tlr3 Signaling ◽  
The Brain

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Nevertheless, the mechanisms modulating TLR-triggered innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. Complex regulatory systems exist to appropriately direct immune responses against foreign or self-nucleic acids, and a critical role of hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS), endosomal sorting complex required for transportation-0 (ESCRT-0) subunit, has recently been implicated in the endolysosomal transportation of TLR7 and TLR9. We investigated the involvement of Syk, Hrs, and STAM in the regulation of the TLR3 signaling pathway in a murine astrocyte cell line C8-D1A following cell stimulation with a viral dsRNA mimetic. Our data uncover a relationship between TLR3 and ESCRT-0, point out Syk as dsRNA-activated kinase, and suggest the role for Syk in mediating TLR3 signaling in murine astrocytes. We show molecular events that occur shortly after dsRNA stimulation of astrocytes and result in Syk Tyr-342 phosphorylation. Further, TLR3 undergoes proteolytic processing; the resulting TLR3 N-terminal form interacts with Hrs. The knockdown of Syk and Hrs enhances TLR3-mediated antiviral response in the form of IFN-β, IL-6, and CXCL8 secretion. Understanding the role of Syk and Hrs in TLR3 immune responses is of high importance since activation and precise execution of the TLR3 signaling pathway in the brain seem to be particularly significant in mounting an effective antiviral defense. Infection of the brain with herpes simplex type 1 virus may increase the secretion of amyloid-β by neurons and astrocytes and be a causal factor in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Errors in TLR3 signaling, especially related to the precise regulation of the receptor transportation and degradation, need careful observation as they may disclose foundations to identify novel or sustain known therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Exacerbated Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in IRF5-Deficient Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3681
Author(s):  
Momoko Nakao ◽  
Tomomitsu Miyagaki ◽  
Makoto Sugaya ◽  
Shinichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Th17 Cytokines ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play diverse roles in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in various diseases. In psoriasis, IRF2 is known to be involved in pathogenesis, while studies on other IRFs are limited. In this study, we investigated the role of IRF5 in psoriasis using imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Although IRF5 is known to play a critical role in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and monocytes, IRF5 deficiency unexpectedly exacerbated psoriasiform skin inflammation. The interferon-α and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression levels were decreased, while levels of Th17 cytokines including IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 were increased in IRF5-deficient mice. Furthermore, IL-23 expression in DCs from IRF5-deficient mice was upregulated both in steady state and after toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist stimulation. Importantly, the expression of IRF4, which is also important for the IL-23 production in DCs, was augmented in DCs from IRF5-deficient mice. Taken together, our results suggest that IRF5 deficiency induces the upregulation of IRF4 in DCs followed by augmented IL-23 production, resulting in the amplification of Th17 responses and the exacerbation of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. The regulation of IRF4 or IRF5 expression may be a novel therapeutic approach to psoriasis.

Critical role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-Induced intestinal injury and repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jie Shi ◽  
Hai-Feng Gong ◽  
Quan-Quan Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Shuang Liu ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Injury And Repair
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