R gene expression induced by a type-III effector triggers disease resistance in rice

Nature ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 435 (7045) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyu Gu ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Dongsheng Tian ◽  
Lifang Wu ◽  
Dongjiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii

scholarly journals The Xanthomonas type-III effector protein XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense hormone responses and preinvasion immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Raffeiner ◽  
Suayib Üstün ◽  
Tiziana Guerra ◽  
Daniela Spinti ◽  
Maria Fitzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Defense Gene Expression ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii

A critical component of plant immunity against invading pathogens is the rapid transcriptional reprogramming of the attacked cell to minimize virulence. Many adapted plant bacterial pathogens use type III effector (T3E) proteins to interfere with plant defense responses, including the induction of immunity genes. The elucidation of effector function is essential to understanding bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we show that XopS, a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits the proteasomal degradation of the transcriptional regulator of defense gene expression WRKY40. Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper enhanced plant tolerance towards Xcv infection, indicating it represses immunity. Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets including salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling repressor JAZ8. Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves. XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis or Nicotiana benthamiana prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors in a WRKY40 dependent manner. This suggests that XopS interferes with preinvasion as well as with apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and gene expression eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.

Combinative effects of a bacterial type-III effector and a biocontrol bacterium on rice growth and disease resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Ren ◽  
Ganyu Gu ◽  
Juying Longa ◽  
Qian Yin ◽  
Tingquan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Bacterial Type ◽  
Biocontrol Bacterium

scholarly journals Phytotoxin synthesis genes and type III effector genes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 6 are regulated by culture conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9697
Author(s):  
Karin Hirose ◽  
Yasuhiro Ishiga ◽  
Takashi Fujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Inducible Genes

The kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae; Psa) causes severe damage to kiwifruit production worldwide. Psa biovar 6 (Psa6), which was isolated in Japan in 2015, produces two types of phytotoxins: coronatine and phaseolotoxin. To elucidate the unique virulence of Psa6, we performed transcriptomic analysis of phytotoxin synthesis genes and type III effector genes in in vitro cultivation using various media. The genes related to phytotoxin synthesis and effectors of Psa6 were strictly regulated in the coronatine-inducing mediums (HS and HSC); 14 of 23 effector genes and a hrpL sigma factor gene were induced at 3 h after transferring to the media (early-inducible genes), and phytotoxin synthesis genes such as argD of phaseolotoxin and cfl of coronatine were induced at 6 and 12 h after transferring to the media (late-inducible genes). In contrast, induction of these genes was not observed in the hrp-inducing medium. Next, to examine whether the changes in gene expression in different media is specific to Psa6, we investigated gene expression in other related bacteria. For Psa biovar 1 (Psa1), biovar 3 (Psa3), and P. s. pv. glycinea (Psg), no clear trends were observed in expression behavior across various culture media and incubation times. Therefore, Psa6 seems to exert its virulence efficiently by using two phytotoxins and effectors according to environmental changes. This is not seen in other biovars and pathovars, so it is thought that Psa6 has acquired its own balance of virulence.

scholarly journals The Xanthomonas Type III Effector Protein AvrBs3 Modulates Plant Gene Expression and Induces Cell Hypertrophy in the Susceptible Host

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Marois ◽  
Guido Van den Ackerveken ◽  
Ulla Bonas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Poly Merase Chain Reaction ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Nuclear Localization Signals ◽  
Type Iii

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria bacteria expressing the type III effector protein AvrBs3 induce a hypersensitive response in pepper plants carrying the resistance gene Bs3. Here, we report that infection of susceptible pepper and tomato plants leads to an AvrBs3-dependent hypertrophy of the mesophyll tissue. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of the avrBs3 gene in tobacco and potato plants resulted in a similar phenotype. Induction of hypertrophy was shown to depend on the repeat region, nuclear localization signals, and acidic transcription activation domain (AAD) of AvrBs3, suggesting that the effector modulates the host's transcriptome. To search for host genes regulated by AvrBs3 in an AAD-dependent manner, we performed a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of pepper mRNA populations. Thirteen AvrBs3-induced transcripts were identified and confirmed by reverse transcriptase-poly-merase chain reaction. Sequence analysis revealed homologies to auxin-induced and expansinlike genes, which play a role in cell enlargement. These results suggest that some of the AvrBs3-induced genes may be involved in hypertrophy development and that xanthomonads possess type III effectors that steer host gene expression.

scholarly journals Phytotoxin synthesis genes and type III effector genes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 6 are regulated by culture conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hirose ◽  
Yasuhiro Ishiga ◽  
Takashi Fujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Inducible Genes

AbstractThe kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae; Psa) causes severe damage to kiwifruit production worldwide. Psa biovar 6 (Psa6), which was isolated in Japan in 2015, produces two types of phytotoxins: coronatine and phaseolotoxin. To date, no other phytopathogenic bacteria are known to produce two phytotoxins. To elucidate the unique virulence of Psa6, we performed transcriptomic analysis of phytotoxin synthesis genes and type III effector genes in in vitro cultivation using various media. The genes related to phytotoxin synthesis and effectors of Psa6 were strictly regulated in the coronatine-inducing mediums (HS and HSC); 14 of 23 effector genes and a hrpL sigma factor gene were induced at 3 h after transferring to the media (early-inducible genes), and phytotoxin synthesis genes such as argD of phaseolotoxin and cfl of coronatine were induced at 6 and 12 h after transferring to the media (late-inducible genes). In contrast, induction of these genes was not observed in the hrp-inducing medium. Next, to examine whether the changes in gene expression in different media is specific to Psa6, we investigated gene expression in other related bacteria. For Psa biovar 1 (Psa1), biovar 3 (Psa3), and P. s. pv. glycinea (Psg), no clear trends were observed in expression behavior across various culture media and incubation times. Therefore, Psa6 seems to exert its virulence efficiently by using two phytotoxins and effectors according to environmental changes. This is not seen in other biovars and pathovars, so it is thought that Psa6 has acquired its own balance of virulence.

Regulation of ACTH-R gene expression by CREB, CREMt and ICER in the adrenocortical cell line Y1

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Zwermann ◽  
A Braun ◽  
E Lalli ◽  
F Beuschlein ◽  
M Reincke
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Adrenocortical Cell
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