scholarly journals Brain-wide white matter tract integrity is associated with information processing speed and general intelligence

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Penke ◽  
S M Maniega ◽  
M E Bastin ◽  
M C V Hernández ◽  
C Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
White Matter Tract ◽  
Information Processing Speed

scholarly journals Brain white matter structure and information processing speed in healthy older age

2015 ◽  
Vol 221 (6) ◽  
pp. 3223-3235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Susana Muñoz Maniega ◽  
Stuart J. Ritchie ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Amos J. Storkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Brain White Matter

scholarly journals Disruption of the Cerebral White Matter Network Is Related to Slowing of Information Processing Speed in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Reijmer ◽  
A. Leemans ◽  
M. Brundel ◽  
L. J. Kappelle ◽  
G. J. Biessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Information Processing Speed

Relations between White Matter Maturation and Reaction Time in Childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Scantlebury ◽  
Todd Cunningham ◽  
Colleen Dockstader ◽  
Suzanne Laughlin ◽  
William Gaetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
White Matter Maturation ◽  
The Right

AbstractWhite matter matures with age and is important for the efficient transmission of neuronal signals. Consequently, white matter growth may underlie the development of cognitive processes important for learning, including the speed of information processing. To dissect the relationship between white matter structure and information processing speed, we administered a reaction time task (finger abduction in response to visual cue) to 27 typically developing, right-handed children aged 4 to 13. Magnetoencephalography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging were used to delineate white matter connections implicated in visual-motor information processing. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) of the optic radiation in the left hemisphere, and FA and mean diffusivity (MD) of the optic radiation in the right hemisphere changed significantly with age. MD and RD decreased with age in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and bilaterally in the cortico-spinal tracts. No age-related changes were evident in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. FA of the cortico-spinal tract in the left hemisphere and MD of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus of the right hemisphere contributed uniquely beyond the effect of age in accounting for reaction time performance of the right hand. Our findings support the role of white matter maturation in the development of information processing speed. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–14)

scholarly journals Associations of the Lifestyle for Brain Health Index With Structural Brain Changes and Cognition: Results From the Maastricht Study

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012572
Author(s):  
Irene S Heger ◽  
Kay Deckers ◽  
Miranda T Schram ◽  
Coen DA Stehouwer ◽  
Pieter C Dagnelie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Dementia Risk

Background and Objectives:Observational research has shown that a substantial proportion of all dementia cases worldwide is attributable to modifiable risk factors. Dementia risk scores might be useful to identify high-risk individuals and monitor treatment adherence. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a dementia risk score, the LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA) index, is associated with MRI markers and cognitive functioning/impairment in the general population.Methods:Cross-sectional data was used from the observational population-based cohort of The Maastricht Study.. The weighted compound score of LIBRA (including twelve dementia risk and protective factors, e.g. hypertension, physical inactivity) was calculated, with higher scores indicating higher dementia risk. Standardized volumes of white matter, grey matter, CSF (as proxy for general brain atrophy), white matter hyperintensities, and presence of cerebral small vessel disease were derived from 3T MRI. Cognitive functioning was tested in three domains: memory, information processing speed, and executive function and attention. Values ≤1.5 SD below the average were defined as cognitive impairment. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation modelling were used, adjusted for age, sex, education, intracranial volume and type-2 diabetes.Results:Participants (n=4,164; mean age 59y; 49.7% men) with higher LIBRA scores (mean=1.19, range=-2.7 to +9.2), denoting higher dementia risk, had higher volumes of white matter hyperintensities (β=0.051, p=.002), and lower scores on information processing speed (β=-0.067, p=.001) and executive function and attention (β=-0.065, p=.004). Only in men, associations between LIBRA and volumes of grey matter (β=-0.093, p<.001), CSF (β=0.104, p<.001) and memory (β=-0.054, p=.026) were found. White matter hyperintensities and CSF volume partly mediated the association between LIBRA and cognition.Discussion:Higher health- and lifestyle-based dementia risk is associated with markers of general brain atrophy, cerebrovascular pathology and worse cognition, suggesting that LIBRA meaningfully summarizes individual lifestyle-related brain health. Improving LIBRA factors on an individual level might improve population brain health. Sex differences in lifestyle-related pathology and cognition need to be further explored.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that higher LIBRA scores are significantly associated with lower scores on some cognitive domains and a higher risk of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity changes and their relationship with clinical disability and white matter integrity in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1681-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Sbardella ◽  
F Tona ◽  
N Petsas ◽  
N Upadhyay ◽  
MC Piattella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Microstructural Damage ◽  
Hand Dexterity

Background and objective: To define the pathological substrate underlying disability in multiple sclerosis by evaluating the relationship of resting-state functional connectivity with microstructural brain damage, as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging, and clinical impairments. Methods: Thirty relapsing–remitting patients and 24 controls underwent 3T-MRI; motor abilities were evaluated by using measures of walking speed, hand dexterity and balance capability, while information processing speed was evaluated by a paced auditory serial addiction task. Independent component analysis and tract-based spatial statistics were applied to RS-fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging data using FSL software. Group differences, after dual regression, and clinical correlations were modelled with General-Linear-Model and corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: Patients showed decreased functional connectivity in 5 of 11 resting-state-networks (cerebellar, executive-control, medial-visual, basal ganglia and sensorimotor), changes in inter-network correlations and widespread white matter microstructural damage. In multiple sclerosis, corpus callosum microstructural damage positively correlated with functional connectivity in cerebellar and auditory networks. Moreover, functional connectivity within the medial-visual network inversely correlated with information processing speed. White matter widespread microstructural damage inversely correlated with both the paced auditory serial addiction task and hand dexterity. Conclusions: Despite the within-network functional connectivity decrease and the widespread microstructural damage, the inter-network functional connectivity changes suggest a global brain functional rearrangement in multiple sclerosis. The correlation between functional connectivity alterations and callosal damage uncovers a link between functional and structural connectivity. Finally, functional connectivity abnormalities affect information processing speed rather than motor abilities.

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